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A&PCh15
Nervous Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The resting membrane potential in neurons is about | -70 mV |
| Threshold for an action potential (nerve impulse) in neurons is about | -55 mV |
| Which channels open at threshold depolarization? | Voltage-gated sodium channels |
| How is the nervous system organized into divisions? | It is organized into a central nervous system and a peripheral nervous system |
| The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system includes | Both sympathetic division and parasympathetic division |
| This type of neuron has many dendrites and one axon. | Multipolar neuron |
| Which axons do Schwann cells myelinate? | Most axons in the peripheral nervous system |
| Which type of channel is opened in response to a change in membrane potential, and are used to generate and conduct action potentials in neurons? | Voltage-gated channel |
| What is a feature of larger-diameter axons? | They conduct faster nerve impulses than small-diameter axons |
| Which axons have the smallest diameter? | C fibers |
| What happens after calcium (Ca2+) enters the synaptic end bulb? | It triggers the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the terminal |
| Name an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS? | Glutamate |
| Analyzing sensory input and making decisions about responses is which function of the nervous system? | Integrative function |
| Subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system include | Somatic, autonomic, enteric |
| What tissues are supplied by the autonomic nervous system? | Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands |
| Which of the following is called the brain of the gut? | Enteric nervous system |
| This type of neuron has one main dendrite and one axon. | Bipolar neuron |
| This type of neuron has many dendrites and one axon. | Multipolar neuron |
| What is a myelin? | It is a lipid and protein layering around most axons |
| What is the role of myelin? | It increases the speed of nerve impulses |
| This part of the central nervous system contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals and neuroglia | Gray matter |
| saltatory conduction | The impulse appears to leap from node to node as each nodal area depolarizes to threshold |
| Which axons have the largest diameter? | A fibers |
| What happens when a nerve impulse reaches the synaptic end bulb of a presynaptic axon? | Voltage-gated calcium channels open |
| What happens to neurotransmitter molecules after they are released from the presynaptic terminal? | They bind to neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic cell |
| When a postsynaptic neuron depolarizes, the effect is | Excitatory |
| Which of the following is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain? | GABA |
| Where is one region in the adult human CNS where new neurons are produced? | Hippocampus |
| Where does repair of damaged axons occur? | In the PNS |
| The Central Nervous system (CNS) is composed of the | brain and spinal cord |
| Somatic nervous system includes | motor neurons to skeletal muscle |
| The peripheral nervous system(PNS) includes | cranial and spinal nerves |
| The autonomic nervous system includes | parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions |
| Damage to dendrites would interfere with a neuron's ability to | receive input |
| The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around the axons in the CNS is the | oligodendrocyte |
| A bundle of axons in the CNS is | a tract |
| The depolarizing phase of a nerve impulse is caused by a | rush of Na+ into the neuron |
| Saltatory conduction occurs at the | nodes of Ranvier |
| Which neurotransmitter inhibits amino acid in the CNS | GABA |
| A gaseous neurotransmitter that is not packaged into synaptic vesicles | Nitric Acid |
| Which neurotransmitter is a body's natural pain killer | Endorphins |
| Which neurotransmitter is a excitatory amino acid in the CNS | Glutamate |
| Which neurotransmitter helps regulate mood | Serotonin |
| The neurotransmitter that activates skeletal muscle fibers | Acetylcholine |
| The portion of a neuron containing the nucleus | Cell body |
| The rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal | Synaptic end bulb |
| The highly branched, input part of a neuron | Dendrites |
| The sac in which neurotransmitter is stored | Synaptic vesicle |
| Neuron located entirely within the CNS | Interneuron |
| The long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron | Axon |
| Produces myelin sheath in PNS | Schwann cell |
| Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath | Mode of Ranvier |
| The substance that increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction | Myelin sheath |
| Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS | Sensory neuron |
| The neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector | Motor neuron |
| Bundle of many axons in the PNS | Nerve |
| Bundle of many axons in the CNS | Tract |
| Group of cell bodies in the PNS | Ganglion |
| Group of cell bodies in the CNS | Nucleus |
| Substance used for communication at chemical synapses | Neurotransmitter |
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