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Patho -Neurological
Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What function would be disrupted by damage to the frontal lobes of the brain? | Movement, intellectual function, and personality |
| What function would be disrupted by damage to Broca's area in the brain? | Speech (Cannot express themself, but can comprehend spoken language) |
| What function would be disrupted by damage to the parietal lobes of the brain? | Sensations(touch, pain, etc.) |
| What function would be disrupted by damage to the temporal lobes of the brain? | Hearing and smelling |
| What function would be disrupted by damage to the occipital lobes of the brain? | Vision |
| What function would be disrupted by damage to Wernicke's area of the brain? | Comprehension of speech |
| What function would be disrupted by damage to the reticular activating system of the brain? | Arousal or awareness |
| What function would be disrupted by damage to the cerebellum of the brain? | Body balance and position, as well as coordinated movement (Multiple Sclerosis) |
| What function would be disrupted by damage to the basal nuclei of the brain? | Coordination and control of body movement (Parkinson's Disease) |
| Would damage to the right frontal lobe likely cause effects on the right or left side of the brain? | Left side |
| What effects on vision would be expected to result from damage to the optic chiasm? | Vision loss in both eyes |
| What effects on vision would be expected to result from damage to the left optic nerve between the left eye and the optic chiasm? | Vision loss in the left eye |
| What effects on vision would be expected to result from damage to the left occipital lobe? | Loss of right visual field in both eyes |
| What is aphasia? | The inability to comprehend or express language |
| What is expressive aphasia? | The inability to write or speak fluently or appropriately. |
| What is receptive aphasia? | The inability to understand written or spoken language. |
| What causes seizures? | Excessive, spontaneous firing of neurons in the brain. |
| What are the common triggers of seizures? | Hypoxia, inflammation, fever, hemorrhage in the brain, or traumatic injury to the brain |
| Manifestations of Increased Intracranial Pressure | Decreasing level of consciousness, headache, vomitting, increased BP, decreased HR, fixed and dilated pupils |
| Why can there be a decreased level of consciousness due to increased intracranial pressure? | Pressure on the brainstem or cerebral cortex |
| What does stretching or distortion of meninges or walls of large blood vessels cause due to increased intracranial pressure? | Headache |
| What reflex does pressure on emetic center in the medulla cause? | Vomitting |
| What is the first sign of increased intracranial pressure? | Decreasing level of consciousness |
| What manifestations occur as a result of Cushing's reflex? | Increased mean arterial pressure, hypocapnia, and decreased respiration |
| What's one main difference between a transient ischemic attack and a cerebrovascular accident? | In a transient ischemic attack there is no cell death where there is cell death in a cerebrovascular accident |
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