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BA 315
Chapter 13
Question | Answer |
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What is the relationship between a firm's total revenue, profit, and total cost? | The relationship between a firm's total revenue, profit, and total cost is profit equals total revenue minus total costs. |
Give an example of an opportunity cost that an accountant might not count as a cost. Why would the accountant ignore this cost? | An accountant would not count the owner’s opportunity cost of alternative employment as an accounting cost. The accountant ignores this opportunity cost because money does not flow into or out of the firm. |
What is marginal product, and what does it mean if it is diminishing? | Marginal product is the increase in output that arises from an additional unit of input. Diminishing marginal product means that the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases |
Define total cost. | Total cost consists of the costs of all inputs needed to produce a given quantity of output. It includes fixed costs and variable costs. |
Define average total cost. | Average total cost is the cost of a typical unit of output and is equal to total cost divided by the quantity produced. |
Define marginal cost | Marginal cost is the cost of producing an additional unit of output and is equal to the change in total cost divided by the change in quantity. |
How and why does a firm's average-total-cost curve differ in the short run and in the long run? | In the long run, a firm can adjust the factors of production that are fixed in the short run. |
Define economies of scale and explain why they might arise. | Economies of scale exist when long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases, which occurs because of specialization among workers. |
Define diseconomies of scale and explain why they might arise. | Diseconomies of scale exist when long-run average total cost rises as the quantity of output increases, which occurs because of coordination problems inherent in a large organization. |