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IB Topic 4

Computational Thinking, problem-solving, and programming

TermDefinition
Subprocedures can be called by higher-level procedures as part of their operation
Abstraction act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations
Condition logical expression
Iteration a single pass through a block of statements
Pre-condition something that must always be true just prior to the execution of some section of code or before an operation in a formal specification
Post-condition something that must always be true just after the execution of some section of code or before an operation in a formal specification
Exceptions an event, which occurs during the execution of a program, that disrupts the normal flow of the program's instructions
Concurrent processing a program-structuring technique in which there are multiple threads of control
Decomposition breaking down a complex problem or system into smaller parts that are more manageable and easier to understand
Successive decomposition sequential breaking down of a complex problem or system into smaller parts that are more manageable and easier to understand
Sequential search algorithm to find an element within a list by sequentially checking each element of the list until a match is found or the whole list has been searched
Binary search algorithm to locate an item in a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half
Bubble sort algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent pairs and swaps them if they are in the wrong order
Selection sort algorithm where the unsorted element with the smallest (or largest) value is moved to its proper position in the array
Collection Addition boolean add(E obj) void add(int index, E obj)
Collection Retrieval void get(int index, E obj) E remove(int index)
Flowchart diagramatic representation of an algorithm
Pseudocode lines of instructions written in a language close to English but with common programming terms used where possible
Algorithm unambiguous specification of how to solve a problem
Efficiency the ratio of useful work to resources (processor and storage) expended
Fundamental operations input, processing, output, and storage
Compound operations involves a number of stages of evaluation
Fixed vocabulary reserved words and keywords of a language
Unambiguous meaning statement that can only be interpreted one way
Consistent grammar and syntax always using the same style for declaring, indenting, and formatting
Machine Code is a collection of binary digits or bits that the computer reads and interprets
Higher Level Language enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer and are close to human language
Translation process programming language processor that converts a computer program from one language to another while identifying errors
Compiler special program that processes statements written in a particular programming language and turns them into machine language or "code" that a computer's processor uses
Interpreter computer program that directly executes instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without requiring them previously to have been compiled into a machine language program
Virtual Machine an emulation of a computer system
Variable value that can change, depending on conditions or on information passed to the program
Constant a value that cannot be altered by the program during normal execution
Operator character that represents an action
Object a particular instance of a class
Collection grouping of some variable number of data items (possibly zero) that have some shared significance to the problem being solved and need to be operated upon together in some controlled fashion
Created by: shoemaker
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