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ECG Interpretation
Cardiology - paramedicine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| p waves | atrial depolarisation positive and upright precedes QRS 0.08-0.10 sec |
| PR interval | 0.12-0.20sec >0.20 is AV block |
| QRS complex | ventricular depolarisation/atrial repolarisation 0.06-0.12sec if different from atrial rate = arrhythmia |
| t wave | ventricular repolarisation follows QRS <5mm |
| pathological q waves | old MI |
| sinus rhythm | 60-100BPM p precede QRS; followed by t wave regular |
| bradycardia | between 50-60BPM if stable <60BPM |
| tachycardia | >100bpm |
| junctional rhythms | arise from AV node or below between 40-60BPM regular usually no p wave or abnormal p wave |
| SVT | >150bpm regular no p waves narrow QRS |
| VT | >100bpm no p waves wide QRS >0.12sec |
| Ventricular fibrillation | grossly irregular no p waves or QRS complex |
| Atrial flutter | >250bpm no p waves, normal QRS (0.06-0.12sec) sawtooth pattern |
| Idioventricular rhythm | <40bpm regular absent or disassociated p waves t waves inverted when QRS has a positive deflection wide QRS >0.12sec |
| atrial fibrillation | >100bpm irregularly irregular absent p waves |
| PAC | p-r interval <0.20sec compensatory pause strange p wave |
| PVC | wide QRS >0.12sec compensatory pause p waves present |
| PJC | QRS with normal or abnormal morphology p-r interval <0.12sec |
| AV block | delay in conduction through AV node large PR intervals |
| Inferior leads | 2, 3 and AVF |
| Anterior leads | V3 and V4 |
| Septal leads | v1 and v2 |
| Lateral leads | 1, avl, v5 and v6 |
| precordial leads/unipolar | V1-v6 |
| Pacemakers | SA node, AV node, bundles of HIS, bundle branches, purkinje fibres |
| bipolar leads | lead 1-3 |
| augmented lead/unipolar | aVR, aVL and aVF |
| einthoven's triangle | RA, LA, LL |
| PR interval represents ... | the impulse travel time through the AV node, Bundle of His and Bundle branches to the purkinje fibres |
| ECG | combined electrical activity of the whole heart |
| A negative wave moving away from a positive electrode will cause? | A positive deflection on an ECG |
| 6 second method | 30 squares rough estimate do not include ectopic |
| ST segment | >0.20 sec |
| Reason for delay between SA node and AV node | Atria can empty into the ventricles |
| SA node | 60-100BPM primary pacemaker |
| AV node | 40-60BPM |
| Bundle branches | 20-40BPM |
| relative refractory period | peak of t wave |
| STEMI | >2.5mm ST elevation in V2-3 (men >40yrs) >2mm ST elevation in V2-3 (men >40yrs) >1.5mm ST elevation in V2-3 (women) >1mm in other leads or new onset LBBB |
| RBBB | p wave/PR interval - underlying rhythm QRS - 0.12sec or greater t wave - opposite to QRS slurred wide s wave |
| LBBB | p wave/PR interval - underlying rhythm QRS - 0.12 sec or greater t wave - opposite to QRS wide r wave with plateau or notch, no s wave |
| STEMI mimics | takotsubo - broken heart syndrome pericarditis prinzmetal's angina |
Created by:
ZoDunk
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