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P Mylin Study Stack
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| cran/i | cranium (skull) |
| dendr/o | tree |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gangli/o | ganglion (knot or knot like mass) |
| gli/o | glue; neurological tissue |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| lept/o | slender |
| lex/o | word, phrase |
| mening/o | meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord) |
| meningi/o | meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord) |
| myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| narc/o | stupor; numbness; sleep |
| neur/o | nerve |
| radicul/o | nerve root |
| sthen/o | strength |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| thec/o | sheath |
| ton/o | tension |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| -algesia | pain |
| -algia | pain |
| -asthenia | weakness, debility |
| -esthesia | feeling |
| -kinesia | movement |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -paresis | partial paralysis |
| -phasia | speech |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -taxia | order, coordination |
| pachy- | thick |
| para- | near, beside; beyond |
| syn- | union, together, joined |
| uni- | one |
| Inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, or other sensations even though the sensory sphere is intact | agnosia |
| Weakness, debility, or loss of strength | asthenia |
| Lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement | ataxia |
| Premonitory awareness of an aproaching physical or mental disorder; peculiar sensation that precedes seizures | aura |
| Developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level | autism |
| Injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed | closed head trauma |
| Abnormally deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary response to stimuli | coma |
| Injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness as a result of injury or trauma to the head | concussion |
| Any sudden and violent contraction of one or more muscles | convulsion |
| Broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment | dementia |
| Inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure | dyslexia |
| Autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness | Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
| Painful, acute infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles | herpes zoster |
| Inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration | Huntington chorea |
| Accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones | hydrocephalus |
| Abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli, also called sluggishness | lethargy |
| Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior | neurosis |
| Paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor | palsy |
| Facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve, associated with herpes virus | Bell's palsy |
| Psychological disorder in which the major characteristic is an abdormal mood, usually mania or depression | affective disorder |
| Eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain adequate weight for age and height and an all-consuming desire to remain thin | anorexia nervosa |
| Psychological "worry" disorder characterized by excessive pondering or thinking "what if...." | anxiety |
| Disorder affecting children and adults characterized by impulsiveness, overactivity, and the inability to remain focused on a task | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
| Mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, energy, and ability to function; also called manic-depressive illness | bipolar disorder |
| Eating disorder characterized by binging (overeating) and purging (vomiting or use of laxatives) | bulimia nervosa |
| Mood disorder associated with sadness, despair, discouragement, and, commonly, feelings of low self-esteem, guilt, and withdrawal | depression |
| Mood disorder characterized by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganized behavior, and excessively elevated mood | mania |
| Sudden, intense, overwhelming feeling of fear that comes without warning and is not attributable to any immediate danger | panic attack |
| Type of paralysis that affects movement and body position and, sometimes, speech and learning ability | Cerebral Palsy |
| Loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation | Paralysis |
| Paralysis of one side of the body, typically as the result of a stroke | hemiplegia |
| Paralysis of both lower limbs, typically as a result of trauma or disease of the lower spinal cord | paraplegia |
| Paralysis of both arms and legs, typically as a result of trauma or disease of the upper spinal cord | quadriplegia |
| Major emotional disorder in which contact with reality is lost to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting challenges of daily life | psychosis |
| Defect in which the neural tube (tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord in the fetus) fails to close during embryogenesis | Spina bifida |
| Form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine | menengocele |
| Most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine | myelomeningocele |
| Form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord i covered with a layer of skin | occulta |
| Sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity | parasthesia |
| Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis | poliomyelitis |
| Acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and possibly, the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen and lymph nodes | Reye syndrome |
| Severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve felt at the base of the spine, down the thigh, and radiating down the leg due to a compressed nerve | sciatica |
| Temporary loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain; also called fainting | syncope |
| Syncope due to a drop in blood pressure brought on by the response of the nervous system to abrupt emotional stress, pain or trauma | vasovagal syncope |
| General type of seizure characterized by the loss of consciousness and stiffening of the body (tonic phase) followed by rhythmic, jerking movements (clonic phase) | tonic-clonic seizure |
| Temporary interference with blood supply to the brain lasting from a few minutes to a few hours (mini stroke) | transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
| Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses | electroencephalography (EEG) |
| Recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage | electromyography EMG) |
| Needle puncture of spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents in to the spinal cord, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected;also called spinal puncture and spinal tap | lumbar puncture |
| Test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve | nerve conduction velocity |
| Series of chemical, microscopic, and microbial tests used to diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, including viral, and bacterial infections, tumors and hemorrhage | cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| Radiology of the blood vessels after introduction of a contrast medium | angiography |
| Angiography of blood vessels of the brain after injection of a contrast medium | cerebral angiography |
| Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles | computed tomography (CT) |
| Diagnostic radiological examination of the spinal canal, nerve roots, and spinal cord after injection of contrast medium into the spinal canal | myelogpaphy |
| Scan using tomography to record the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical and produce a crsss-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine presence of disease | positron emission tomography (PET) |
| Technique that wxposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it | cryosurgery |
| Precise method of locating and destroying circumscribed lesions on specific, tiny areas of pathological tissue in deep-seated structures of the CNS | stereotaxic radiosurgery |
| Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements, or emotional disurbances | thalamotomy |
| Transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord | tractotomy |
| Technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracrenial pressure | trephination |
| Interruption of the function of the vagus nerve to relieve peptic ulcer | vagotomy |
| Treat phychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system (group of brain structures), which controls emotions | antipsychotics |
| Treat multiple symptoms of depression by increasing levels of specific neurotransmitters | antidepressants |
| Depress central nervous system (CS) functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness | hypnotics |
| Reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters | psychostimulants |
| AD, ADAD | Alzheimer Disease |
| ADD | attention deficit disorder |
| ADHD | attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| ANS | autonomic nervous system |
| BEAM | brain electrical activity mapping |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CP | cerebral palsy |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG | electroencephalography |
| EMG | electromyography |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| LOC | loss of consciousness |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| MEG | magnetoencephalography |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MS | musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mental status; mitral stenosis |
| NCV | nerve conduction velocity |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| SNS | sympathetic nervous system; somatic nervous system |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| Imaging procedure using high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that display the reflected "echoes" on a monitor | ultrasonography |
Created by:
pmylin
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