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Hormones

Hormones and their functions

Source GlandTarget(s)Effects(s) on Target(s)
Insulin ~~~ Pancreas Body Cells Decreases blood glucose; Converts glucose to glycogen or fat for storage.
Glucagon ~~~ Pancreas Liver Breaks down glycogen to glucose to increase blood glucose.
Calcitonin ~~~ Thyroid gland Bones Decrease blood calcium; Mineral deposition.
Parathyroid Hormone PTH Parathyroid glands Bones; Kidneys Increases blood calcium; Mineral resorption; Stimulates kidneys to convert vitamin D to the active form, calcitriol.
Growth Hormone releasing hormone GHRH Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete GH.
Growth Hormone GH Anterior Pituitary Skeletal muscles and long bones Growth of skeletal muscle and long bones
Thyrotropin releasing hormone TRH Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete PRL.
Prolactin releasing hormone PRH Hypthalamus Anterior Pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete PRL.
Prolactin PRL Anterior Pituitary Secretory cells of mammary glands Milk synthesis
Thyrotropin releasing hormone TRH Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete TSH.
Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH Anterior Pituitary Thyroid gland Stimulates thyroid to secrete TH.
Thyroid hormone TH (T3, T4) Thyroid gland Body Cells Increase basal metabolic rate.
Corticotropin releasing hormone CRH Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH.
Adenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH Anterior Pituitary Adrenal Cortex Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete mineralocorticoids.
Mineralocorticoids ~~~ Adrenal cortex Distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys Sodium and water reabsorption; Potassium secretion.
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone CRH Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH.
Adenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids.
Glucocorticoids ~~~ Adrenal cortex Body cells Anti-inflammatory; Increases blood glucose.
Corticotropin releasing hormone CRH Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH.
Adenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete gonadocorticoids.
Gonadocorticoids ~~~ Adrenal cortex Body cells Similar to estrogens and testosterone; Insignificant amounts produced with minimal effects.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH.
Estrogens ~~~ Ovaries Body cells Regrowth of functional layer in endometrium of uterus after menstruation; Growth of lactiferous ducts/sinuses in mammary glands; Development of secondary sex characteristics; Maintains pregnancy.
Follicle stimulating hormone and Lutenizing hormone. FSH & LH Anterior pituitary Ovaries Simulate follicles in ovaries to cause oogenesis, ovulation, and secretion of estrogens.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH.
Follicle stimulating hormone and Lutenizing hormone FSH & LH Anterior pituitary Testes FSH: Stimulates nurse cells in testes to secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) and inhibin. LH: Stimulates interstitial endocrine cells in testes to secrete testosterone.
Testosterone ~~~ Testes Body Cells Sexual maturation; Spermatogenesis; Development of secondary sex characteristics.
Antidiurectic Hormone ADH Synthesized by: Hypothalamus Secreted by: Posterior Pituitary Distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys Water reabsorption
Oxytocin ~~~ Synthesized by: Hypthalamus Secreted by: Posterior Pituitary Uterus; Myoepithelial cells of mammary glands Uterine contractions during labor and coitus; milk ejection.
Created by: Lowesj01
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