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Acids and Bases
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Acid | pH 0-6 |
Base | pH 8-14 |
pH scale | sale from 0-14 to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
H3O+ | The chemical formula for a hydronium ion; produced by acids in water |
Neutralization Reaction | the reaction of an acid and base to form a neutral solution of water and salt |
Strong Acids | HCl, HClO, HI, HNO3, HBr, H2SO |
acid properties | sour taste, burns skin |
base properties | slippery on skin, bitter taste |
Strong Bases | Soluble compounds containing the hydroxide ion |
Neutral | same amount of H+ and OH- ions; 7 on pH scale |
Buffer | solutions in which the pH remains relatively constant, even when small amounts of acid or base are added |
Neutral Salt | salt formed from reaction of a strong acid and strong base |
Acidic Salt | a salt formed from a reaction of a strong acid with a weak base |
Basic Salt | a salt formed from a reaction of a weak acid with a strong base. |
Lewis Acid | electron pair acceptor |
Lewis Base | electron pair donor |
Arrhenius Acid | H+ producer |
Arrhenius Base | OH- producer |
Bronsted-Lowry Acid | Proton (H+) donor |
Bronsted-Lowry Base | H+ acceptor |
amphoteric | Compound that can act as a proton donor or acceptor |
conjugate base | original acid after it donates its hydrogen ion |
conjugate acid | original base after it gains a hydrogen ion |
equivalence point | in a titration, where equal amounts of H+ and OH- have reacted |
titration formula | M1V1=M2V2 |
Indicators | weak acids or bases that have a different color from their original acid and base |
Naming rules for Binary Acids | Hydro_____ic Acid |
Naming rules for oxyacids that contain -ate ions | _____ic Acid |
Naming rules for oxyacids that contain -ite ions | ____ous Acid |
Naming rules for oxyacids that contain one less oxygen than the compounds –ite ion | Hypo_______ous Acid |
Naming rules for oxyacids that contain more oxygen than the compounds –ate ion | Per_______ic acid |