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Blood Clotting
UCI Physio Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| half life of thrombocytes | 5 days |
| platelet adhesion binding proteins | GPIaIIa binds collagen; GPIbIX binds von Willebrand factor; GPIIbIIIa binds fibrinogen to other platelets |
| when are GPIIbIIa receptors exposed on platelets | during activation |
| action of serotonin | vasoconstriction |
| action of ADP | activates other platelets |
| pathway of which COX 1 is part | phospholipid (phospholipase A2) arachodonic acid (COX1) prostoglandin H2 (thromboxane synthase) thromboxane A2 which activates other platelets |
| pathway of which COX 2 is part | arachidonic acid (COX2) prostaglandin G2 (protocyclin synthase [PGI]) prostocyclin I2 [PGI2] which leads to inflammation and oppose platelet activation |
| blood clotting factors I, II, III, IV, and XIII | fibrinogen, prothrombin, tissue factor, calcium, and transglutaminase |
| where are blood clotting factors which are proteases and protease cofactors produced | liver |
| hemophilia A lacks what | clotting factor VIII |
| hemophilia B lacks what | clotting factor IX |
| which clotting cascade and which clotting factors are essential for life | extrinsic path, tissue factor, and VII/VIIa |
| what activates the intrinsic pathway | negative surfaces (contact) |
| do you know the clotting cascades? | if not, go check the notes |
| what does cofactor V do of note | increase rxn speed of prothrombin to thrombin by 10,000 |
| what does vitamin K do, to what, and where | add a CO2 to factors II, VII, IX, C, and S; liver |
| what is Calcium's role in clotting | binds some factors (same that need vit K) to platelets |
| antithrombin | inhibits thrombin (duh) and factors IXa, Xa, and XIa |
| heparin | activates antithrombin |
| thrombomodulin location and activity | surface of intact vascular endothelial cells; binds thrombin and inhibits normal thrombin activity; activates thrombin toward protein C |
| protein C activity | activated by thrombin and thrombomodulin; inactivates factors V and VIII; protein C is essential |
| plasmin action and plasmin activator | clot lysis by hydrolyzing fibrin; TPA activates it |
| TPA | tissue-type plasminogen activator |
| bernard soulier syndrome | defective vWf receptor (GPIb-IX) |
| Glanzmann's disease | defective fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb-IIIa) |
| APC stands for what and does what? | activated protein C; inactivates VIII and V |
| factor V Leiden | single pt mutation that resists APC inactivation leading to V always being active (thrombosis risk) |
| disfibrinogenemias | rare cause of bleeding from mutation in fibrinogen |
| acquired bleeding disorders (two types) | autoantibodies and Vit K dependent |
| anti-coagulants | calcium chelators (citrate, oxalate) and heparin |
| heparin action and duration | antithrombin activation, fast acting, lasts for hours |
| vit K antagonists and action | dicoumarol, warfarin, coumadin (stops vit K from being regenerated which is needed to modify clotting factors) |
| PT is what | prothrombin time; a clinical lab test to measure extrinsic and common pathways; use INR (international normalized ratio) test/normal: .5 clotting risk, 1 normal, 5 bleeding risk, 10 high bleeding risk |
| PTT or aPTT is what | (activated) partial thromboplastin time; a measure of the Intrnsic and common pathways; more sensative to heparin than PT; less sensative to vit K than PT |
| natural anticoagulants are produced by | ticks, hookworms, vampire bats, snakes, leaches |
| coumodin acts like what | VIKORCI |
| vit K required enzyme | glutamyl carboxylase |
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