Autotrophic Nutrition

->require CARBON DIOXIDE as carbon source (INORGANIC)->organism that produces organic compounds from carbon dioxide as a carbon source, using either light or reactions of inorganic chemical compounds as a source of energy->Primary Producers.

->involves feeding on organic matter from bodies of other organisms->Heterotrophic nutrition->in which complex food is taken into specialised digestive system, broken down and absorbed->characteristic of free-living animals.

Saprobiontic Nutrition

->type of heterotrophic nutrition->where organisms feed on dead organic remains of other organisms

->Heterotrophic->in which organisms obtain food from another living organism called the host.

Mutualistic Nutrition

->Heterotrophic->(form of symbiosis)->where there is a close association between 2 organisms, each contributing and benefiting from relationship

food is first mechanically broken down by teeth in the mouth and then chemically broken down hy hydrolysing enzymes in the stomach, duodenum and ileum.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

requires ORGANIC substrates to get its carbon for growth and development

->ruminant digestive system which allos high proportion of cellulose in fibrous foods to be digested

can be found on decaying bread. They are primary consumers and often refered to as decomposers. They excrete enzymes onto the organic matter and then the now soluble and broken down nutrients are absorbed.

Endoparasit->Tapeworm->2 hosts->attaches in small intestine->has flattened, ribbonlike body, madeup of segments=proglottides, can be 3.5m long. Anterior end has tiny knob=scolex=has double row of hooks & 4 suckers->behind it Proliferation zone where->

What are the adaptations of the Taenia?

it has protective outer covering=tegument->consisting of protein & chitin protecting it from digestive enzymes from host, 2. can live with low oxygen concentration of human hut, 3. less nervous system and lack of sense organs, 4. has suckers and hooks for

mutualistic nutrition->R is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria->hydrogen ions from carbohydrates (ie glucose) combine with nitrogen forming ammonia->which then combines with glutamate to form amino acid glutamine from which other amino acids r synthesised

Formula of Nitrogen Fixation

E form ATP + N2(Nitrogen Gas of atmosphere) + H from respiration of glucose (in bacterium) ---> NH3 (catalysed by Nitrogenase) -----> Glutamate is converted onto Glutamine (Amino Acid)

Why does bacteria Rhizobium & Plant benefit from mutualism?

Bacteria benefit from this association by: 1.obtaining supplies of carbohydrate from photosynthetic activites of pland, 2.

Why does bacteria& Cow benefit from mutualism?

Bacteria benefit from this association by: 1. beind supplies with a food source, cellulose, 2. and with a suitable enviroment for growth

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Bio -Unit 3

Unit 3 - Key Words

Question	Answer	Flap 3
Autotrophic Nutrition	->require CARBON DIOXIDE as carbon source (INORGANIC)->organism that produces organic compounds from carbon dioxide as a carbon source, using either light or reactions of inorganic chemical compounds as a source of energy->Primary Producers.	ie. Algae, green plants ->Plants=Photosynthetic, Nitrifying bacterias(Nitrosomas&Nitrobacter)=Chemosynthetic
Holozoic Nutrition	->involves feeding on organic matter from bodies of other organisms->Heterotrophic nutrition->in which complex food is taken into specialised digestive system, broken down and absorbed->characteristic of free-living animals.	->higher animals->consists of 5 stages: 1. ingestion, 2. digestion, 3. absorption, 4. assimilation, 5. egestion
Saprobiontic Nutrition	->type of heterotrophic nutrition->where organisms feed on dead organic remains of other organisms	ie Rhizopus: an Eukaryotic organism->Fungi->lacks chlorophyll->non-photosynthetic=>hyphal wall contains chitin->Rhizopus stolonifera is found on muldy bread->See fungy
Parasitic Nutrition	->Heterotrophic->in which organisms obtain food from another living organism called the host.	(blank)
Mutualistic Nutrition	->Heterotrophic->(form of symbiosis)->where there is a close association between 2 organisms, each contributing and benefiting from relationship	(blank)
Digestion	food is first mechanically broken down by teeth in the mouth and then chemically broken down hy hydrolysing enzymes in the stomach, duodenum and ileum.	(blank)
Heterotrophic Nutrition	requires ORGANIC substrates to get its carbon for growth and development	4 main types: 1. Holozoic, 2. Saprobiontic/Saprotrophic, 3. Parasitic, 4. Mutualism (form of symbiosis)
Herbivore	->ruminant digestive system which allos high proportion of cellulose in fibrous foods to be digested	ie: Cattle and sheep
Rhizopus	can be found on decaying bread. They are primary consumers and often refered to as decomposers. They excrete enzymes onto the organic matter and then the now soluble and broken down nutrients are absorbed.	can be seen as cotton white threads on surface->then tiny black sporangua appear. Fungus consists of mycelium(made up of branched hyphae->aerial=stolons->spread/rhizoids=touch down->secrete enzymes digesting compl. food->if soluble digested by rhizoids
Taenia	Endoparasit->Tapeworm->2 hosts->attaches in small intestine->has flattened, ribbonlike body, madeup of segments=proglottides, can be 3.5m long. Anterior end has tiny knob=scolex=has double row of hooks & 4 suckers->behind it Proliferation zone where->	new proglottides form:has both male & female reproductive structures=>Taenia absorbs digested food over body surface area->lives in intestine no need of digestive enzymes etc., but has protective outer covering=tegument->consist of protein & chitin
What are the adaptations of the Taenia?	it has protective outer covering=tegument->consisting of protein & chitin protecting it from digestive enzymes from host, 2. can live with low oxygen concentration of human hut, 3. less nervous system and lack of sense organs, 4. has suckers and hooks for	attachement to the gut wall of the host, 5. produces large number of offspring.
Rhizobium	mutualistic nutrition->R is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria->hydrogen ions from carbohydrates (ie glucose) combine with nitrogen forming ammonia->which then combines with glutamate to form amino acid glutamine from which other amino acids r synthesised	can be synthesised->fixation takes place in anarobic conditions in cytoplasm of bacterial cells->catalysed by enzyme nitrogenase. R bac. present in soil->are attracted to peas/bean roots->penentrate root hair cell/transform to bacteroids->fix nitrogen to
Formula of Nitrogen Fixation	E form ATP + N2(Nitrogen Gas of atmosphere) + H from respiration of glucose (in bacterium) ---> NH3 (catalysed by Nitrogenase) -----> Glutamate is converted onto Glutamine (Amino Acid)	(blank)
Why does bacteria Rhizobium & Plant benefit from mutualism?	Bacteria benefit from this association by: 1.obtaining supplies of carbohydrate from photosynthetic activites of pland, 2.	The plant benefit from this association by: 1. receiving a supply of ammonia from the bacteria.->enables leguminous plants to grow in nitrogen-deficient soils.
Why does bacteria& Cow benefit from mutualism?	Bacteria benefit from this association by: 1. beind supplies with a food source, cellulose, 2. and with a suitable enviroment for growth	The cows benefit from this association by: 1. from the breakdown of cellulose into fatty acids which can be absorbed through the blood in the rumen wall, 2. by the synthesisis of bacterias of proteins and some Vitamin B groups

Created by: 1sabelle

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