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Inside the Earth

TermDefinition
crust the outermost least dense layer of the Earth
mantle the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core
core the central part of the Earth below the mantle
inner core made of solid iron and nickel
outer core made of molten iron and nickel--liquid
lithosphere the solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
asthenosphere the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move/float on
tectonic plates a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and rigid upper mantle
continental drift the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations
Pangea super continent that existed 245 million years ago
seafloor spreading the process by which new oceanic crust forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies as the tectonic plates pull apart
plate tectonics the theory that explains how large pieces of the Earth's outermost layer move and change shape
convergent boundary the boundary formed when two plates move together
divergent boundary the boundary formed when two plates pull apart
transform boundary the boundary between plates that are sliding past each other
lava molten rock on the surface
magma molten rock inside the Earth
hot spot a volcanically active area of Earth's surface far from a plate boundary
mid-ocean ridge mountain chains on the ocean floor; plates are pulling apart and melted rock rises through the crack forming new crust
plate boundary places where tectonic plates meet
subduction zone where oceanic crust and continental crust collide; oceanic crust is more dense and sinks under the continental crust
fault the crack that forms when rocks break and move past each other
uplift parts of Earth's crust rise to higher elevations
seismic wave When an earthquake occurs, energy is given off. This energy travels through the earth in the form of waves.
magma chamber a body of magma beneath a volcano
Ring of Fire a concentrated area around the Pacific Ocean where most of Earth's active volcanoes are located
continental crust the outermost layer of Earth's lithosphere that forms nearly all of Earth's land surface: composed of different types of granite
oceanic crust the outermost layer of Earth's lithosphere that is found under the oceans; it is thinner, denser, younger than continental crust; is mostly composed of different types of basalt
convection currents Heated magma rises from deep inside the mantle, while cooler magma sinks, creating a convection current; this type of current is responsible for the movements of the plates of Earth's crust
Created by: jaguarscience
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