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MOT 133
Cardiovascular Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 general functions of red blood cells? | 1. Transport 2. Regulation (Regulate)3. Protection |
| What are 4 materials transported by the blood? | 1. Gasses 2. Hormones 3. Nutrients 4. Waste products |
| How much blood does the average person have in liters? | 4 – 6 liters |
| What is the normal pH of blood? | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| What are the two types of hemopoietic tissue that produce blood cells? | 1. Red bone marrow 2. Lymphatic tissue |
| Red blood cells, also known as RBC, are what shape? | Biconcave |
| Red blood cells medical name is? | Erythrocytes |
| Do Red blood cells have a nucleus ? | Yes, until they mature. |
| Do red blood cells have a nucleus throughout their lifespan? | No |
| What determines a person’s blood type? | Genetics or Hereditary |
| What is the common name for Leukocytes? | White Blood Cells |
| Give one word to describe the function of a Leukocyte. | Protection |
| List the 5 types of Leukocytes | 1. Basofil 2. Neutrophil 3. Eosinophils 4. Monocytes 5. Lymphocytes |
| What does a person have if they have a high White Blood Count? | Leukocytosis |
| What does a person have if they have a low White Blood Count? | Leukopenia |
| What is the medical term for a clot? | Thrombus |
| The heart is located in the chest cavity between the lungs, what is this area called? | Mediastinum |
| What are the 3 cardiac membranes that surround the heart, name them from outer most to innermost. | 1. Fibrous pericardium 2. Parietal pericardium 3. Visceral pericardium |
| What is another name for the visceral pericardium? | Epicardium |
| What is the cardiac muscle called? | Myocardium |
| What membrane lines the chambers of the heart? | Endocardium |
| List the path of blood flow through the right side of the heart. | 1. Superior/Inferior vena cava 2. Rt Atrium 3. Tricuspid Valve (Rt AV valve)4. Rt Ventricle 5. Pulmonary Semilunar valve 6. Pulmonary Artery 7. Lungs |
| List the path of blood flow through the left side of the heart? | 1. Lungs 2. Pulmonary veins 3. Lt Atrium 4. Mitral valve (left AV valve) 5. Left Ventricle 6. Aortic Semilunar valve 7.Aorta 8. Body (includes the heart) |
| What is the purpose of coronary vessels? | To supply blood to the heart |
| What is ischemia? | Lack of oxygen |
| What is infarct? | Tissue death |
| Systole? | Contraction |
| Diastole? | Relaxation |
| Cardiac cycle? | Everything that happens in one heartbeat |
| What is the name of your natural anatomical pace maker? | SA node |
| Where is the SA node located? | RT atrium |
| What 3 parts of the electrical conduction system bring about ventricular contraction? | 1. bundle of His 2. bundle branches 3. Purkinje fibers |
| What 2 parts of the electrical conduction system bring about atrial contraction? | 1. SA node 2. AV node |
| How would you define the term fibrillation? | Loss of rhythm with NO effective pumping |
| Define palpitation? | Being aware of an irregular heartbeat |
| Heart rate that is less than 60 beats per min is called? | Bradycardia |
| Heart rate that is sustained at over 100 beats per min is called? | Tachycardia |
| The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in one minute is called? | Cardiac output |
| In your brain we have two cardiac centers that inhibit and accelerate what is this part of the brain called? | Medulla (vital sign center of the brain) |
| The vascular system consists of 3 things. What are they? | 1. Arteries 2. Capillaries 3. Veins |
| Arteries and veins have 3 layers – name them from innermost to outermost | 1. Tunica intima 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica externa |
| In regards to the cardiovascular system, how would you define the term Anastomosis? | Connection of vessels making an alternate pathway |
| Capillaries carry blood from where to where? | Arterioles to venules |
| 3 types of material exchange that take place in capillaries. | 1. Diffusion – exchange gases 2. Filtration – plasma and nutrients 3. Osmotic pressure – fluid |
| List the 3 pathways of circulation that do not involve the heart. | 1. Pulmonary Circulation – Lungs – exchanges gases. 2. Systemic Circulation – Whole Body – exchanges nutrients and gases. 3. Segmented pathway - Hepatic Portal Circulation - Liver – nutrients, waste, toxins |
| What is the site of exchange for gases and nutrients between the fetus and the mother is what? | Placenta |
| The force that blood exerts against the vessel walls is called what? | Blood pressure |
| If the blood pressure is consistently higher than normal, the person is said to have what? | Hypertension |
| List 6 of 7 factors that will help maintain blood pressure in the normal range. | 1. Blood force and rate 2. Venous return 3. Viscosity of blood 4. Loss of blood 5. Hormones 6. Elasticity of large arteries 7. Peripheral resistance |
| The respiratory pump affects veins where? | In the chest cavity |
| There are presenting symptoms a patient may have that would warrant further investigation to diagnose cardiovascular disease. | 1. Shortness of breath 2. Labored breathing 3. Chest pain 4. Fatigue 5. Palpitations 6. Cyanosis 7. Edema 8. Syncope (fainting) |
| Most cardiovascular disease can be diagnosed by a simple test called what? | EKG |
| Coronary artery disease is when deposits of plaque cause the lumen of the artery to do what? | Stenos or get narrow |
| The surgical attempt to open constricted arteries with a balloon is called what? | Angioplasty |
| Angina pectoris is chest pains upon what? | Exertion |
| Diaphoresis is a common symptom of many cardiac diseases and is described as what? | Cold sweats |
| What are the typical pains of a myocardial infarction. | 1. Chest pain 2. Left arm pain 3. Jaw pain 4. Pain in your back 5. Epigastric pain |
| What are two primary causes of cardiac arrest? | Anoxia and disturbance or interruption electrical stimuli |
| If blood is flowing through the pulmonary artery, it is going to what organ? | Lungs |
| If you are taking a blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope which artery are you listening to? | Brachial |
| Blood that is rich in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide is found where? | 1. Pulmonary veins 2. Left atrium 3. Mitral Valve 4. Left ventricle 5. Aortic Valve 6. Aorta out to the body |
| Blood that is low in oxygen and hi in carbon dioxide is found where? | 1. Vena cava 2. Rt atrium 3. Tricuspid valve 4. Rt ventricle 5. Pulmonary SL valve 6. Pulmonary artery back to the lungs |
| The most prevalent cardiovascular disease is? | Hypertensive heart disease |
| In congestive heart failure, is the heart pumping adequately or inadequately? | Inadequately |
| What is Cor pulmonale? | Right sided heart failure |
| A patient who has pulmonary edema may have abnormal breath sounds such as rales, ronchi or wheezing. True or false? | True |
| The non-inflammatory disease of the heart muscle resulting in enlargement is called what? | Cardiomyopathy |
| Cardiomegaly is what? | Enlarged heart |
| Pericarditis is what – | Inflammation of the pericardium |
| True or False – endocarditis is usually an inflammation that is secondary to an infection from someplace else in the body? | True |
| What is the bacteria that causes Rheumatic fever? | Strep |
| What is the bacteria that causes Rheumatic fever? | Strep |
| A patient with a history of Rheumatic fever or Rheumatic heart disease are also advised to receive what type of medication prior to any dental procedure? | Antibiotics |
| Valve insufficiency is what? | Failure of the valve to close completely |
| Valve stenosis – | Valve hardens and doesn’t completely open |
| Valve commissurotomy – | surgical enlargement of a valve opening |
| What is an arrhythmia? | irregular heartbeat |
| What causes an arrhythmia? | something wrong with the conduction system |
| A life threatening shock that we describe with one word because it has many causing factors that without treatment it will kill you. | Anaphylactic shock |
| The basic definition of Cardiogenic shock is? | Any insult that disturbs the heart’s ability to pump blood; (MI, heart failure, certain arrhythmias, valve failure) |
| True or false – Cardiac Taomponade is caused when the myocardium decreases output and can be treated by withdrawing the fluid from the sac that surrounds the heart. | (True) |
| True or False - Embolis are only made of clots of blood. | (False) |
| True or False - Doppler or ultrasound studies that are often used to diagnose reduced blood flow in vessels. | (True) |
| What is phlebitis? | Inflammation of a vein |
| If a person has Thrombophlebitis, do we often see a difference in one extremity versus the other? | Yes |
| What blood type is considered the universal donor? | O |
| What blood type is considered the universal recipient? | AB |
| If a person is type A blood, which antibody would be present in the plasma? | Anti B |
| What is the formal medical term for the word platelets (Which helps the blood to clot)? - | Thrombocytes |
| Buerger Disease is Inflammation of which veins in the extremities? | The peripheral arteries & veins |
| Define the term anemia | Low red blood cell count |
| What test do we use to prevent a blood transfusion reaction? | A blood typing cross matching test. |
| How do you get Classic Hemophilia ? | It’s hereditary |
| Classic hemophilia is a result of what type of deficiency? | Factor 8 |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a condition when you have hemorrhaging and thrombosis happening when? | at the same time (typically after delivery). |
Created by:
kbcanarr
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