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Digestion Cards

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QuestionAnswer
Digestion the process of making food absorbable by dissolving it and breaking it down into simpler chemical compounds that occurs in the living body chiefly through the action of enzymes secreted into the alimentary canal
Ptyalin an amylase found in the saliva of many animals that converts starch into sugar
Peristalic successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure (as the esophagus or intestine) and forcing the contents onward
gastric juices a thin watery acid digestive fluid secreted by glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach
enzyme any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures
pepsin a protease of the stomach that breaks down most proteins to polypeptides
villi one of the minute finger-shaped processes of the mucous membrane of the small intestine that serve in the absorption of nutriment
anemia : a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume
carbohydrates any of various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (as sugars, starches, and celluloses) most of which are formed by green plants and which constitute a major class of animal foods
Fats : any of various compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are glycerides of fatty acids, are the chief constituents of plant and animal fat, are a major class of energy-rich food, and are soluble in organic solvents but not in water
malnutrition faulty nutrition due to inadequate or unbalanced intake of nutrients or their impaired assimilation or utilization
oxidation the act or process of oxidizing
RDA recommended dietary allowance
basal metabolism the turnover of energy in a fasting and resting organism using energy solely to maintain vital cellular activity, respiration, and circulation as measured by the basal metabolic rate
chyme the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum
metabolism : the sum of the processes by which a particular substance is handled in the living body
pancreas a large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon
calorie an amount of food having an energy-producing value of one large calorie
glucose a light-colored syrup made from cornstarch
glycogen a white amorphous tasteless polysaccharide (C6H10O5)x that is the principal form in which glucose is stored in animal tissues and especially muscle and liver tissue
vitamins any vitamin of the vitamin B complex
minerals an inorganic substance (as in the ash of calcined tissue)
salivary glands : a gland secreting digestive enzymes
esophagus a muscular tube that in humans is about nine inches (23 centimeters) long
liver a large very vascular glandular organ of vertebrates that secretes bile and causes important changes in many of the substances contained in the blood
gallbladder a membranous muscular sac in which bile from the liver is stored
trachea the main trunk of the system of tubes by which air passes to and from the lungs in vertebrates
cardiac sphincter of, relating to, situated near, or acting on the heart
small intestine : the part of the intestine that lies between the stomach and colon, consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, secretes digestive enzymes, and is the chief site of the absorption of digested nutrients
large intestine the more terminal division of the vertebrate intestine that is wider and shorter than the small intestine, typically divided into cecum, colon, and rectum, and concerned especially with the resorption of water and the formation of feces
Created by: bford808
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