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Chpt 2 Terminology
Hardware for Computer Operations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An external Universal Serial Bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. | USB Flash Drive |
| An input device that allows end users to point and click on graphical user interface icons, buttons, and symbols to activate operating system software and application software functions. | Point-and-click devices |
| Technology that enhances the speed of workstation microprocessors by embedding the most frequently used instructions on a chip. | Reduced instruction set computing (RISC) |
| A combination of hardware and software that makes data input, response to computer messages, computer control, and information requests easy through the use of function keys, screen prompts, menus, and/or icons. | Interface |
| A two-state (binary) electrical impulse in a digital computer system represented by the 1 digit for on and the 0 digit for off; an acronym for binary digit. | Bit |
| Computer component that includes the control unit and the arithmetic logic unit mounted on a single silicon chip. | Microprocessor |
| A string of bits representing a number or a character in all digital computer systems. | Byte |
| A common output device for hard copy. | Printer |
| A common secondary storage peripheral for microcomputers where the disk can be removed from the disk drive and the data transported with the user to another computing environment. | Magnetic disk |
| The communication link for transmitting data between the computer system and secondary storage or other computer peripherals external to the system. | Channel |
| A professional service that assists with storage assessment, design, management, operations, and 24/7 online data storage and backup either on-site or off-site. | Storage Service Provider (SSP) |
| Primary storage internal to the computer system temporarily available for processing business data; volatile memory. | Random Access Memory (RAM) |
| Computer that supports computing requirements for small to medium-size organizations as well as e-commerce and networking environments. | Mid-range computer |
| An optical disc that includes compact disc-random access memory, compact disc-recordable, compact disc-rewritable, and digital video discs. | Compact disc (CD) |
| Storage made of semiconductor memory chips and divided into read only memory, random access memory, and cache memory. | Primary Storage |
| A popular mobile device in the handheld computer category with a touch screen and pen-based handwriting recognition for sending and receiving email, accessing the Web, and exchanging information such as appointments, etc. | Persona Digital Assistant (PDA) |
| Nonvolatile primary storage, also called firmware, where critical system instructions available only to the central processing unit for starting the computer are permanently stored by the computer manufacturer. | Read Only Memory (ROM) |
| Ten to more than 100 small hard disk drives combined into a single unit providing large storage capacities and high access speeds. | Redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) |
| Computer that supports online services for numerous users and provides processing for extensive computing applications with processing speeds greater than 1 trillion instructions per second. | Mainframe |
| A common output device that allows the user to view soft copy by using either cathoderay tube technology, liquid crystal display technology, or plasma technology. | Monitor |
| A combination of hardware and software that makes it easy for the end user to respond to computer messages, control the computer, and request information from the computer through the use of icons, bars, buttons, boxes, images, and pull-down menus. | Graphical User Interface (GUI) |
| Where data, information, application software, and system software are saved in files with unique names for future use; also called auxiliary storage. | Secondary storage |
| A digital computer that uses a microprocessor, an internal storage chip, and input/output chip, and any additional chips required by the system. | Microcomputer |
| Laser technology that stores data by burning microscopic pits onto disc tracks. | Optical disc |
| A non-removable magnetic disk outside the processor unit for the computer’s internal secondary storage. | Hard disk |
| Multiple servers maintained by the organization or a commercial vendor who then sells the services to an organization. | Server farms |
| A visual system that requires a camera to be the computer’s eyes. | Pattern recognition system |
| An enterprise-wide infrastructure dedicated to data storage by providing a high-speed fiber-channel network that interconnects different storage devices. | Storage Area Network (SAN) |
| The largest, fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computer system; used by government agencies and large organizations involved in research and development activities that are mathematically intensive. | Super computer |
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imaitrt
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