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Pathophysio Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gigantism | Hypersecretion of growth hormone Occurs in childhood before closure of epiphyses Overgrowth & deterioration of mental status |
| Hormones | chemicals released in blood, responsible for body metabolism |
| Acromegaly | Hypersecretion of growth hormone Occurs middle age after closure of epiphyses Thickening & protrusion of jaw, enlarged organs |
| Cushing's Syndrome | Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids (steroids) from adrenal cortex Obesity with thin extremities, moon face, buffalo hump Masculine characteristics |
| Addison's Syndrome | Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids Bronze pigmentation to skin Hyponatremia or hyperkalemia Eleveated blood urea nitrogen |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Hyposecretion of ADH & deficiency of vasopressin Vasoconstriction, failure of tubular reabsorbtion of water in kidneys Polyuria & polydipsia, decreased skin turgor |
| Creatinism | Hypofunction of thyroid in fetus or soon after birth Constipation, potbelly, umbilical hernia, sensitivity to cold |
| Mydema | Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone, occurs in adulthood Constipation, intolerance to cold, forgetfulness, |
| Graves Disease | Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone Protruding eyeballs (exothalamos), heat intolerance |
| Alpha cells in pancreas | Produce glucagon |
| Beta cells in pancreas | produce insulin |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Autoimmune disease destroying beta cells in pancreas Polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, blurred vision |
| Hyperglycemia | Fruity acetone breath Diminished reflexes |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | From hyperglycemia, develops when a severe insulin deficiency occurs Sunken eyeballs, fatigue, hyperventilate |
| Diabetic Exercise | Decrease cholesterol & blood pressure Helps body burn glucose Improves circulation Less hypoglycemic agents needed, muscles can get sugar without help of insulin |
| Type 1 diabetes | insulin- dependent Abrupt onset, require insulin injections Beta cells damaged |
| Type 2 diabetes | noninsulin-dependent Slow onset after age 30 Receptors on cell surface not there/ damaged Oral hypoglycemic agents |
| Gastric Ulcers | Predisposed by stress, smoking, NSAIDs, alcohol, family history of infection with H. pylori |