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Gen O&P Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 sources of electrical energy | Heat, Light, Chemical, Magnetism, Pressure |
| 4 things that affect resistance | Cross section, length, material, temperature |
| Purpose of a capacitor | To store electrical energy in electrostatic fields |
| Units of Capacitance | Farads |
| Why can't you use electrolytic capacitors in AC? | They are polarized (like diodes). Only allow 1 polarity through, not the opposite |
| What is Inductance? | Ability to store electrical energy in electro-magnetic fields |
| Unit of inductance? | Henry |
| What is Impedance? | Total opposition to flow in AC circuit. =Sum of: Resistance, Capacitive Reactance, Inductive Reactance |
| Units of Impedance? | Ohms |
| Specific Gravity of Electrolyte in fully charge Lead/Acid Battery? | 1.275-1.300 specific gravity |
| Temp range where no correction needed for Specific Gravity readings? | 70-90 degrees F |
| What is battery compartment treated with to prevent corrosion? | Polyurethane, or tar-based paint (ashphaltic) |
| What is used to clean up battery acid ? | Sodium-Bicarbonate solution |
| Can hydrometer be used to measure charge on a Ni-cad battery? Why? | Ni-Cad battery electrolyte doesn't change chemically like a Lead/Acid battery, so specific gravity never changes. |
| What is used to clean Ni-Cad battery spills? | Boric Acid and water |
| How many ohms in a Meg-ohms | Million |
| How much of an amp is a Mili-amp? | 1/1000th |
| How is the alternate position of a part drawn? | Thin line, made of 2 short and 1 long dashed lines (-- - - -- - - --) |
| Of what material are most low-pressure rigid lines made of? | 1100 1/2 hard, or 3003 1/2 hard Aluminum Aloy |
| Minimum amount of slack in flexible hose installation? | 5% of total length (allows for expansion) |
| How to tighten a Flareless MS Fitting? | Handtight, then 1/6 to 1/3 turns further |
| What rigid tubing can be double-flared? | 5052-O, and 6061-T 1/8" to 3/8" OD |
| Why is Teflon-tubing used in aircraft hydraulic systems? | High strength under high temperatures |
| What precautions must be used when flaring tubing? | Polish, so it won't scratch when tool is used. Deburr, lubricate, etc. |
| What pressure used to pressure-test flexible lines? | 2x operational pressure (generally) |
| Icebox rivet - What is it? And what's it made of? | Heat treated, and kept below freezing to slow the aging/hardening process. Alloy: 2017 and 2024 Aluminum (think last year, and 2024) |
| Minimum control cable size? | 1/8" |
| What kind of cable used when pulleys are used to change cable direction? | Extra Flexible, (7 groups of 19 strands) |
| Explain Solution heat-treating Aluminum Alloys | Heat in oven to temp for specified time, then quench in water |
| Explain Precipitation heat-treating | After solution heat-treating, it is kept @ an elevated temperature for period of time |
| What's an alternate name for Precipitation heat-treating? | Artificial-Aging |
| Danger zone for turbine intake? | 25 feet (Sandy is DANGER) |
| Using lower octane fuel does what? | Causes detonation from the more rapid (expolosive) burning of the mixture |
| What's the danger of using fuels that vaporize too readily? | Vapor-lock can occur in the fuel lines |
| What type of fuel is Jet Fuel? | Heavy Kerosene-based |
| Flashpoint of Jet Fuel | 110-150 deg. F |
| Freezing point of Jet Fuel | -40 deg. F |
| Heat energy content of Jet Fuel | 18,600 BTUs/pound |
| Dual octane ratings for AvGas | (ex: 100/130) 100 = Octane rating when running LEAN 130 = Octane rating when running RICH |
| Purpose of Tetraethyl Lead in AvGas? | 1) Increase critical temp/pressure of fuel 2) Lubrication |
| What is printed on filler cap for Recip Aircraft? | 1) AVGAS 2) Min. Fuel Grade |
| What is printed on filler cap for Turbine Aircraft? | 1) Jet Fuel (Fuel designations) 2) Fueling/Defuel Pressures |
| Light Gun Signal: Flashing Red | Taxi clear of the runway |
| What do you do if Jet fuel is put into a recip engine (and run)? | Drain and flush fuel system, drain oil, change filters, inspect engine interior, compression and ops check |
| What places are most susceptible to corrosion? | Hinges, fittings, exhaust, dissimilar metals, SWAMP (Sev. Wind and Moisture Problems) |
| Fretting corrosion mostly occurs when? | Two parts have a small amount of movement between them (no way for corrosion to be removed as it forms) |
| Where does intergranular corrosion take place? | Between boundary layers inside the metal |
| What can cause intergranular corrosion? | Improper heat-treatment |
| Where is Stress Corrosion mostly found? | Stressed areas: holes, fittings, inserts, etc. |
| How to remove corrosion from high-stress areas | Light sanding or glass-bead blasting, buffing or careful polishing. |
| How to remove corrosion from Aluminum Alloys | Wire-brush or wool, or rotary file (if severe) |
| What is used to removed grease from fabric before doping? | Methyl-Ethyl Keytone (MEK), or laquer-thinner |
| What can be used to treat anodized surface of aluminum alloy parts? | Chemical conversion coating (ex: Alodine) |
| CFR#: List of basic items for a 100hr/Annual inspection | 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix D |
| CFR #: Example of a writeup for 100hr. inspection | 14 CFR 43.11 |
| how many copies must be made of a Form 337? Where do they go? | Two copies: Aircraft Owner/Operator (Original) FAA (Copy) |
| Temperature Conversion: F and C | C to F: [(9/5) x T] + 32 F to C: [T-32] x (5/9) |
| 3 Methods of Heat Transfer | Convection (apply heat), Conduction (apply electricity), Radiation |
| What is an Advisory Circular (AC) | Publication put out by FAA for Information instead of Regulation (Not manditory, but recommended) |
| Where can you find a list of major alterations made and approved for FAA Certificated Aircraft | STC Listings |
| CFR #: Airworthiness Standards for Certificated Aircraft in Normal, Utility and Acrobatic | 14 CFR Part 23 |
| CFR #: Airworthiness Standards for Transport Category Aircraft | 14 CFR Part 25 |
| CFR #: Airworthiness Standards for Rotorcraft | 14 CFR Part 27 |
| CFR #: Aircraft Markings and Identification | 14 CFR Part 45 |
| What does the Manufacturer issue to alert operators of changes that affect safety/performance of aircraft or engines? | Service Bulletins |
| Who issues Aircraft Service Bulletins? | The Manufacturer |
| Where can a mechanic find what category an aircraft is certified under? | TCDS |
| CFR #: Issuance of a Mechanic Certificate | 14 CFR Part 65 |
| What are the recency requirements for Mechanic Certificates? | 6 months out of the preceding 24 months |
| How long is a Temporary Maint. Certificate Valid for? | 120 days |
| CFR #: List of Major Alterations or Repairs | 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix A *(Think A for Airframe/Alterations!) |
| What benefit does a sleeve/nut combination have for flared-fittings? | It reduces the possibility of reducing flare thickness by wiping or ironing during tightening. |
| What are the damage limits for scratches/nicks on aluminum alloy tubing? | No more than 10% of wall thickness, and not in the heel of a bend, and should be burnished out to prevent stress concentrations. |
| What benefits does a double flare have? | More circular, smoother than a single flare. The extra metal is more more resistant to shearing when the fitting is torqued. |
| A gas/fluid line marked with PHDAN means what? | Physically Hazardous and Dangerous to personnel |
| What tubings have high strength, abrasion resistance in high pressure (3000 psi) hydraulic systems? | Corrosion-resistant steel, either annealed or 1/4 H (Hard) |
| What increments is the OD of Rigid fluid lines measured in? | 1/16" increments |
| A Rigid and Flexible line of the same size, when compared, will have what? | Equivalent flow characteristics |
| Is the Min. Allowable Bend Radius of Steel tubing greater, or less than the same size Aluminum tubing? | Greater: For minimum radius of Steel in sizes smaller than 1.5" OD, if made too small, could cause the metal to crack. |
| How could localized damage of a rigid fluid line be repaired? | Cutting out the damaged area, and utilizing a swaged tube fitting to join the two ends |
| If a scratch/nick appears in the heel of a bend, can it be repaired? | No Nicks less than 10% of the wall thickness may be burnished out, but NOT in the heel of a bend. |
| How will a flexible line behave when under pressure? | It expands in diameter, and contracts in length (It gets shorter, because it gets fatter) |
| If a tube is flattened while bending, what are the damage limits? | Flattening of no more than 25% of the original OD of the tube is allowable. (If the small diameter is <75% of the diameter of a straight section, reject it) |
| How are MS Flareless Fitting SLEEVES (Ferrules) Assembled? | Lubricated with system fluid Assemble Nut and Sleeve (Ferrule) w/ Large end of Sleeve towards nut Hand tighten, then tighten 1 to 1.25 turns with wrench *Sleeve should rotate, but not move up or down* |
| How are MS Flareless fittings tightened during installation (not assembly) | Hand tightened, then turn 1/6 to 1/3 turns with a wrench |
| What color are AN Steel Flared-Tube Fittings? | Black |
| What color are AN Aluminum alloy fittings? | Blue |
| What flare angle is used for AN Aluminum tubing? | 37 Degrees |
| On what 3 metals can a Roll-type Flaring tool be used? | Soft Copper, Aluminum and Brass |
| What are Thread Fit Classes 1,2 and3? Which class are most aircraft bolts under? | Class 1: Loose Fit Class 2: Free Fit *Class 3: Medium Fit (Used on almost all standard aircraft bolts) |
| Mag particle inspections are used primarily to detect flaws where in the metal? | On or near the surface of the metal |
| What Non-Destructive test is performed on a Potted Composite repair after it is finished? | Metallic Ring Test |
| A bolt with a single raised dash is classified as what? | AN Corrosion-Resistant Steel bolt |
| Mag Particle Inspections can be performed on which metals? | Iron Alloys (Ferrous Metals) |
| Which Mag Particle inspection is used most often: Residual or Continuous? | Continuous Part remains in the field, and fluid is pumped over it |
| In a good weld, no oxide should have formed on the metal how far from the weld? | No more than 1/2 " away from the weld |
| What characteristics will steel have after it has been annealed (slowly cooled)? | Low strength, low stress |
| To what accuracy does a Micrometer read in? | .0001 inches |
| In a Fillet (Corner) weld, what % of the base metal should be penetrated? | 25 to 50% |
| What metal has short-term heat properties, and is used in construction of firewalls? | Titanium Alloy *(Has merit for short-time exposure up to 3000 deg. F, where strength is not important) |
| Describe a Clevis Bolt | A Clevis bolt is a bolt with a Convex, Screw-type head. |
| Aluminum 1100 is what kind of aluminum? | 99% Commercially pure aluminum |
| What are the damage limits for Dents in rigid lines? | Straight Section: <20% of tube diameter Heel of a bend: <10% of tube diameter (Think allowable, but half) |
| Where is an AN Clevis bolt used on an airplane? | Only Shear-Load applications |
| On what metals can Normalizing be used on? | Only Iron-Base metals |
| What does the F stand for in a 300-F Aluminum Alloy? | "as Fabricated", no hardening or tempering treatments |
| Before dye penetrant inspections, the part should be cleaned with what kind of solvent? | A Volatile Petroleum-Based solvent |
| To approve Major Repairs or Alterations for return to service, can the data used for repair be approved before, or after the repair? | The data must be approved BEFORE the repair |
| What must be established if the maintenance records of the aircraft need to be reconstructed? | Total time-in-service of the airframe |
| What is ATA iSpec 2200? | Standardizes the format of information in Maintenance Manuals, and makes it available electronically |
| What is included in an Inspection entry that is not required in regular maintenance logs? | Aircraft Total Time |
| What are the wear limits for Aircraft Control Cables? | Outer wires worn 40-50 % (Or when individual wires appear to blend together) |
| Are Advisory Circulars, such as AC 43.13-2A "Approved", or "Acceptable" data? | Acceptable: While they show a way things can be done, it is neither specific nor mandatory. |
| Describe what's covered in 14 CFR Parts 1, 21, 23, 25, 27 | 1) Definitions/Abreviations 21) Issuance of an Airworthiness Certificate (Cert. Procedures for products and parts Airworthiness standards for: 23) Normal, Utility, Acrobatic and Commuter Category 25) Transport Category 27) Rotorcraft |
| What does the Aircraft Listing cover? | Aircraft specifications for a model, manufactured under a type certificate, of which less than 50 are on the FAA Registry |
| Can a Powerplant Mechanic make a minor repair to an aircraft propeller? | Yes |
| Where can you find information on placards that must be installed on an aircraft? | TCDS |
| Legally, what is defined as "Maintenance" | Overhaul, Repair, Parts Replacement, Inspection and Preservation |
| Define a "repair" | Operation that restores item to a condition for safe operation, after damage or deterioration |
| What is the SHEL Model for maintenance Errors? | Software (Procedures), Hardware (Machines), Environment, Liveware (Person) *Person is the starting point |
| What regulation covers The issuance of Mechanic Certificates? | 14 CFR Part 65: "Certification: Airmen other than flight Crewmembers" |
| What are three types of Human Error? | Omission, Commission, and Extraneous |
| What are the recency requirements for a Mechanics license? | Within previous 24 months: Proved to FAA that you can accomplish the work Served as a mechanic under your rating for at least 6 months |
| Does replacing aircraft fabric count as a major or minor repair? | Major, even if no alteration or repair is performed |
| When would a Special Flight Permit NOT be issued? | Flying passengers on a scheduled operation |
| What is the General Rule of thumb for determining if something is a Major or Minor repair? (With Exceptions) | If it can be bolted on, and not require any riveting or welding, it is probably minor (With exceptions). |
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avandermey
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