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Wiles--Module 6
Wiles Module 6--Organic Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the monomers of proteins? | Amino acids |
| What type of a lipid are liquid at room temperature and made from plants' oils? | Unsaturated lipids |
| What type of lipids comprise the cell membrane? | Phospholipids |
| What polysaccharide makes up the cell walls of plants & we can not digest it? We refer to it as dietary "fiber". | Cellulose |
| What type of data was taken during the nutrient lab since we recorded the colors that the foods turned when combined with the test substances? | Qualitative |
| What four elements always comprise a protein? | C, H, O, and N |
| What enzyme do lactose intolerant people not possess? | Lactase |
| The general ending for a sugar or carbohydrate is _____. | -ose |
| The general ending for an enzyme name is ____. | -ase |
| What nutrient does vitamin D help to absorb? | Calcium |
| What is lipase? | An enzyme to break down fats or lipids. |
| What is an amine group? | one nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms |
| What polysaccharide do plants store glucose as? | Starch |
| What are the 2 products formed when hydrogen peroxide is broken down by catalase? | Water and oxygen |
| What means "containing carbon"? | Organic |
| What monosaccharide do plants produce during photosynthesis? | Glucose |
| What word refers to a lipid's inability to dissolve in water? | Non-polar or hydrophobic |
| What are the two classes of vitamins? | Fat soluble and water soluble |
| A ____ is composed many monosaccharides chemically bonded together through a condensation reaction. | Polysaccharide |
| What do enzymes do to the activation energy of a chemical reaction? | Reduce or lower it. |
| What element is missing in all inorganic molecules? | Carbon |
| What type of a lipid waterproofs tissues? | Waxes |
| What is the scientific name for table sugar? | Sucrose |
| An enzyme is generally called a(n) ___ since it speeds up a chemical reaction. | Catalyst |
| What hormone are most anabolic steroids derived from? | Testosterone |
| What nutrient makes up the greatest percentage of our body? | Water |
| What nutrient mainly comprises skin? | Protein |
| What is a deficiency of vitamin C called? | Scurvy |
| What type of a reaction links monomers together into polymers? | Condensation or dehydration synthesis reaction. |
| Where in our body is vitamin D produced? What stimulates this production of vitamin D? | In our skin with the presence of sunlight |
| ATP is a high energy molecule. If 1 phosphate group is released, what is formed? | ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) |
| What monosaccharide is found in oranges? | Fructose |
| What was the substrate in the enzyme lab? | Hydrogen peroxide |
| What is the scientific name for a fat? | lipid |
| How are polymers and monomers related? | Monomers bond together to make polymers |
| What enzyme did we test for in liver? | Catalase |
| What is another name for a condensation reaction? | Dehydration synthesis |
| What solution do you use to test for the presence of glucose? | Benedict's solution |
| What is the formula for sodium hydroxide in the nutrient lab? | NaOH |
| What type of lipid is made of 4 carbon rings and has no fatty acids in it? | Steroids |
| What nutrient can we test for by placing the food on brown paper? | Lipids |
| A carbon atom readily forms what type of bond with other elements? | Covalent |
| How many covalent bonds will carbon form with other elements? | 4 |
| What are the two types of nucleic acids in our body? | DNA and RNA |
| What does a triglyceride consist of? | 3 fatty acids and a glycerol |
| Give 3 symptoms of lactose intolerance. | Abdominal pains, bloating, gas, stomach cramps |
| What element is in a protein but NOT in a carbohydrate? | Nitrogen |
| What molecule in the body is made in the pancreas and helps the cells take in glucose? | Insulin |
| Large polymers are called ____. | macromolecules |
| Scientific name for vitamin C is ____ ____. | ascorbic acid |
| What is the general rule of solubility regarding polarity? | Likes dissolve likes |
| What bacteria produces vitamin K for us? Where is it located in the body? | E. coli in our colon which is our large intestine |
| Glucose, fructose, and galactose are called ___ since they have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula. | Isomers |
| What type of a chemical reaction breaks polymers down into monomers? | Hydrolysis |
| What is a protein made up of only 2 amino acids held together by a peptide bond? | Dipeptide |
| What polysaccharide is also known as "animal starch"? | Glycogen |
| What are the simple units or monomers of a nucleic acid? | Nucleotide |
| What nutrient do you test for by using iodine or Lugol's solution? | Starch |
| What is the term for any organism that produce its own food during photosynthesis? | Autotroph |
| The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase got warm to the touch. Was this endothermic or exothermic? | Exothermic |
| What is a carboxyl group? | COOH |
| Boiling an enzyme will alter its shape and render it inactive. This is known as ____. | Denaturing |
| What type of nutrient is an enzyme? | Protein |
| What type of a lipid is two fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule? | Phospholipids |
| What is human body temperature in degrees Celcius? | 37 degrees Celsius |
| Minerals used to repair tissues and help in conducting electrical impulses throughout the body are termed __. | electrolytes |
| In a unsaturated fatty acid in the cis configuration, where are the H atoms in reference to the double bond? | On the same side of the the two carbons that have the double bond between them |
| What is an iodine deficiency called? What gland in the the human body swells? Where is it located? | Goiter; thyroid gland at the base of the neck swells |
| How many amino acids are possible? | 20 |
| What dissacharide is found in milk and milk products? | Lactose |
| What type of triglyceride are solid at room temperature and are made from animals? | Saturated fats or saturated lipids |
| What nutrient is our body's first source of energy, thus there is not much stored in our body? | Carbohydrates |
| In a lipid known as a wax, what is the fatty acid monomer linked to? | Alcohol |
| What mineral deficiency does a person with ricketts have? | Not enough calcium (maybe due to not enough vitamin D or phosphate) |
| If a ATP molecule has 2 phosphates remvoed for energy purposes, what is the name of the resulting molecule? | AMP (Adenosine monophosphate) |
| What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen atoms in a monosaccharide? | 1 carbon atom: 2 hydrogen atoms: 1 oxygen atom |
| What do enzymes do to the activation energy of a chemical reaction? | lowers it so that the reaction can proceed more quickly |
| What is formed by 80 amino acids held together by peptide bonds? | polypeptide |
| What is the name of the model that helps to pictorally explain the fit between an ezyme and its substrate? | Lock and key model or induced fit model |
| Which of the following stores hereditary information? a. ATP b. DNA c. protein d. carbohydrates | DNA |
| Complete this analogy.simple sugars: carbohydrates:: amino acids: | proteins |
| Name two things that could denature an enzyme? | Extreme temperature (boiling); extreme pH; type of solvent exposed to |
| What is the chemical formula for a monosaccharide that has three carbons? | 3 atoms of C: 6 atoms of H: 3 atoms of O(P.S. Write as a formula like this except the numbers should be subscripts C3H6O3) Study stack won't print subscripts in the biology section. |
| How is a single covalent bond drawn in a structural formula? | A single line between atoms ________ |
| Name two water soluble vitamins. | vitamin C or any vitamin B |
| Name two fat soluble vitamins. | A,D,E, and K |
| The place on the enzyme where it fits into the substrate is called the ____ ____. | active site |
| What disease is growing in numbers in the American population that involves the body's inability to make or respond to insulin? | Diabetes |
| Name two fruits that can not be used raw in a Jello salad because they have enzymes that will break down the protein in gelatine and thus will never set up? | Kiw, pineapple, mango, guava, fig, and papaya |
| What is biochemistry defined as? | The study of the chemicals needed to maintain life |
| An unsaturated fatty acid that has hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the double bond is referred to as _____ | trans unsaturated fatty acid |
| What are the monomers of DNA and RNA? | Nucleotide (made of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base) |
| What is a hydroxyl functional group? | -OH |
| What functional group is a C atom double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl? | carboxyl |
| What disaccharide is known as table sugar? | sucrose |
| Enzymes are specific. What does this mean? | Each enzyme can only fit with one type of substrate and catalyze only one reaction. For instance, lipase can only break down fats. Lipase can not break down proteins or carbohydrates. |
| What word describes an enzyme which has been inactivated by extreme temperature or pH? | denatured |
| What metric prefix means one million | Mega- |
| How many different amino acids exist? | 20 |
| What type of a bond hold amino acids together in a protein? | peptide bond |
| What is formed by linking two monosaccharides together in a condensation reaction? | disaccharide |
| What type of a lipid generally prevent water loss in a desert plant? | wax |
| A catalyst in the human body is known as a(n) ______. | enzyme |
| Based on what you have learned in this module, what type of molecule do you think protease would break down? | Protein |
| Is water organic or inorganic? | inorganic |
| True or false? Enzymes are reusable. | True |
| What would an inhibitor due to an enzyme's activity? | Reduce or completely block enzyme activity |
| What are the monomers of lipids? | fatty acids |
| Lipids with only single covalent bonds in the hydrocarbon chain are referred to as _______. | saturated fats |
Created by:
lburris
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