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Female reproductive
female reprod. system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mons Pubis | Fatty tissue that cushions and covers the symphysis pubis. Covered with a triangular pattern of hair after puberty |
| Labia Major | 2 folds of fatty tissue on either side of the vagina. Extends from the mons pubis to the perineum. |
| Labia Minora | 2 thins folds of skin located within the folds of the labia majora. Extends from the clitoris towards the perineum. |
| Fourchette | Posterior, oval shape between the labia minora. Contains : Urinary meatus, Vaginal opening, and Bartholins glands. |
| Bartholins glands | Located on either side of vaginal opening. Secretes necessary substance that lubricates the vagina. |
| Clitoris | Short, elongated, organ composed of erectile tissue. Located in upper area of Labia Minora. |
| Vaginal Orifice (Vaginal Introitus) | Located in the lower part of the fourchette (vestibule). Below the urinary meatus. |
| Hymen | Cherry! The layer of connective tissue (membrane) that forms a boarder around the outer opening of the vagina. |
| Perineum | Area of skin between the vaginal orifice and the anus. Made up of muscular and fibrous tissue to support the organs in the pelvis |
| Urinary meatus | Not part of the reproductive system. Is located just above the vaginal orifice. |
| Vagina | Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the vulva. Approximately 3 in. long. lined with stretchable folds (rugae) |
| Functions of Vagina | Birth canal, female organ of Coitus ( sexual intercourse), passageway for menstrual flow |
| Rugae | Allows the vagina to expand during child birth. |
| Uterus | Small, pear shaped hollow organ. Houses fertilized ovum during pregnancy |
| Ovum/Ova | Eggs |
| 3 Portions of Uterus | Fundus, Body, Cervix |
| Fundus | Dome- shaped portion along the TOP of the uterus. |
| Body | Wider, central portion |
| Cervix | Narrower; neck-like portion @ the bottom of the uterus. |
| Wall of Uterus (3 layers) | Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium |
| Perimetrium | Outer most layer |
| Myometrium | Middle muscular layer |
| Endometrium | Inner layer; highly vascular. The layer that builds up every month in anticipation of a fertalized ovum. Lining sheds during menses when fertilization doesn't occur. |
| Fallopian Tubes | passageway for ovum from ovary to uterus. 2 tubules approx. 5 inches long. lined w/ cilia to propel ovum forward. open end of tube have FIMBRIAE. |
| Fimbriae | fingerlike projects. draw the ovum in. Once the ovum have entered the fallopian tube it takes approx. 5 days to read the uterus. |
| ovaries | Female gonads. almond shaped organs that are held in place by ligaments near the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes |
| what are ovaries responsible for? | Producing mature Ova (eggs) and releasing them monthly (ovulation) Produce estrogen. |
| how many ova are females born with? | Born with 700,000 ova. All the ova for our lifetime. |
| how many ovum are mature in our lifetime? | approximately 400 ova mature, having the ability to fertilize during a woman's reproductive years (30-35years) |
| Breasts | The mammory glands that are NOT part of the reproductive system. |
| what are breasts responsible for? | Lactation ( the production of milk) |
| what are breasts composed of? | Glandular tissue, adipose ( fatty) tissueC fibrous connective tissue. |
| what are the parts of the breasts? | Nipple, Areola , Glandular tissue, Lactiferous glands |
| Define Nipple | located in the center consisting of erectile tissue that is activated when stimulated |
| Define Areola | Darken pigmented area surrounding nipple |
| What causes the rough appearance on the areola? | sebacious glands called -- Montgomery's Tubules |
| Why do we have montgomery's tubules (glands)? | They are only active during pregnancy and lactation. They produce a waxy substance to keep nips soft and prevent drying and cracking during breastfeeding. |
| Define Glandular tissue? | Radiates outward around the nipple. 15-20 glandular lobes responsible for producing breast milk. |
| what do Lactiferous glands do? | Allows milk to travel through passageways (glands) and brings the milk to the nipple. |
| When does the menstruation cycle begin ? | Occurs with puberty, usually 1st menses is approximately 11-15years old. As early as 9 years old. |
| steps of the menses cycle | 1. every month the endometrial lining prepares for an egg. 2. When it doesnt occur, the lining is shed and it flows from the body. |
| How long is an average cycle? | every 28 days (q28 days) but can vary betwen 21-35 days |
| When does ovulation occur? | midway through cycle, approximately 14 days after 1st day of LMP |
| LMP | last menstrual period |
| How long is the bleeding period? | varys between 3 - 8 days |
| How long does an average woman have a menstrual cycle for? | Approximately 35 years up until menopause occurs |
| When does menopause occur? | Approximately 52 years old, but can happen anytime after 40 years old. |
| How long must you wait to be diagnosed with menopause? | after 12 consecutive months of not getting your menses. |
| What causes menopause? | Ovulation and estrogen production stops. |
| Define amennorrhea | Absence of flow |
| Define Dysmenorrhea | Painful flow |
| AUB - Abnormal Uterine Bleeding | Refers to: abnormal flow(heavy), excessive length of days bleeding (+8days), spotting between period cycles, menses occurring sooner than q21 days |
| What does AUB replace? | Metrorrhagia and menorrhagia |
| Define cervicitis | Acute or chronic inflammation of the cervix |
| What causes cervicitis? | Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Haemophilus vaginalis, chlamydia. |
| Signs and symptoms of cervicitis | 1. Thick, foul smelling discharge. 2. Pelvic pain. 3. Scant bleeding post intercourse. 4. Itching/bleeding external genitalia |
| Definition of cystocele | Hemiation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina |
| Define endometriosis | Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus |
| How is endometriosis diagnosed | Diagnosed through lapriscopicsurgery |
| Endometriosis treatment | Symptomatic . (Hysterectomy) |
| Prenatal | Care of the pregnant patient |
| Pregnancy | The ovum is fertilized by sperm in Fallopian tube and implants in the wall of the uterus. |
| Where does fertilization occur? | The outer third of the fallopian tube |
| Define zygote | Fertilized ovum |
| Embryo | First 2-8weeks |
| Fetus | From Eight weeks till delivery |
| Term pregnancy | 37-42 weeks |
| What are two accessory structures that also develope? | Amniotic sac and placenta |
| What's an amniotic sac | Thin walled, membranous sac that envelops and protects fetus |
| What's chorion | Outer layer of sac |
| What's amnion | Inner layer of sac |
| What's amniotic fluid | Fills the sac and cushions and protects the fetus |
| What does the placenta provide | Respiration, nutrition, and excretion for the fetus |
| What pregnancy hormones does the placenta produce | HCG ( Human Chorionic Gonadotropin), estrogen, progesterone, HPL ( Human Placental Lactogen) |
| Umbilical cord | Arises from the center of the placenta and attaches to the umbilicus of the fetus. AKA ; LIFE LINE. |
| What does the umbilical cord transport | Nutrients and waste products, oxygen and nutrients are also transferred from mother to baby across the placental membrane (barrier) |
| Physical changes during pregnancy | Amenorrhea, uterus changes, cervix, vagina, breasts, urination, skin , weight |
| What's changes in your uterus? | Increases in size, from 2 oz to 21 lbs |
| What happens to your cervix? | Changes in color and consistency |
| What happens to your vagina? | Changes in colors, increased vaginal discharge called leukorrhea. |
| What happens to your breasts during pregnancy? | Increase in size, change in shape, areola darkens, montgomerys glands activate. |
| What changes in your urination during pregnancy? | Increased frequency in 1st trimester and again in third trimester |
| What happens to your skin during pregnancy ? | Increased warmth& sweating, increase in pigmentation on forehead, cheeks, and bridge of nose, darkened ventricle line down center of abdomen |
| What is chloasma? | "Mask of pregnancy" , increased pigmentation changes on forehead, cheeks and bridge of nose. |
| What is linea negra? | Darkened ventricle line down center of abdomen |
| What changes in your weight during pregnancy? | Average weight gain of 25-30lbs |
| How do you find your EDD ( estimated due date)? | LMP+7 days - 3 months +1 year |
| what are signs and symptoms of labor | Braxton hicks( false labor) , bloody show, lightening |
| What is Braxton hicks | Irregular contractions that may occur throughout pregnancy and more frequently towards the end. |
| What is bloody show? | Vaginal discharge mixed with blood, may occur a few weeks before labor. |
| What is lightening? | When the baby drops relieving pressure on the diaphragm, the mom can breathe easier. |
| During false labor contractions are... | Irregular, short and infrequent with lower intensity |
| During false labor discomfort is felt in the... | Abdomen and groin |
| During false labor walking... | Relieves and decreases contractions s |
| During false labor effacement/dilation... | Does not occur |
| During true labor contractions are.. | Regular, more frequent, higher intensity, higher duration |
| During true labor discomfort is felt in.. | Lower back, and radiates towards lower abdomen. Feels like intense cramps |
| During true labor walking... | Strengthens and increases contractions |
| During true labor effacement/dilation occurs within.. | The cervix progressively effaced (thins) and dilates ( enlarges) |
| Abortion | Termination of pregnancy before fetus is of viable age |
| Spontaneous abortion | Miscarriage |
| Ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy outside the uterus, usually occurring within the Fallopian tube. |
| Abruptio placenta | Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall |
| Hyperemeis gravidarium | Severe vomiting resulting in dehydration and weight loss |
| Gestational diabetes | Diabetes of pregnancy |
| GTT | Glucose tolerance test |
| What does the gtt do? | Scenes for diabetes; usually done approximately 24-28 weeks gestation |
| HELLP SYNDROME | Can develop as a result of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. |
| H | Hemolysis of RBC's |
| EL | Increased Liver Enzymes |
| LP | Low platelet count |
| Placenta Previa | The placenta attaches very low in the uterus and covers all or part of the cervix |
Created by:
jennifer980
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