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PSSA-Reading
Terms & Definitions
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| Text to self;world;or text. The reader can connect or relate what he has read to something else. | Connections |
| To examine and judge;to say if something is good or bad-if you like it or you don't. | Evaluate |
| Reading betweeen the lines. Taking what the author wrote and adding it to what you already know to make an assumption. | Inference |
| Making and educated guess as to what will happen next. | Prediction |
| The ability to "see" what you are reading. | Visualize |
| To show similarities. | Compare |
| To show differences. | Contrast |
| Text written to explain and convey information about a specific topic. | Expository Text |
| Something that can be proven to be true. | Fact |
| Someone else's point of view. | Opinion |
| When you make assumptions about different events and/or characters and apply them to new situations. | Generalizations |
| An organizational picture, such as a venn diagram or webbing, that helps the learner identify the important elements. | Graphic Organizer |
| Writing that is true and the purpose is to inform, communicates knowledge about events and real people, events and/or situations. | Nonfiction |
| Order in which the events in the story are presented to the reader. | Sequential Order |
| A concise (short yet detailed) explanation of a reading selection.It contains only the main ideas. | Summary |
| Details that support or back up the main idea of the passage. | Supporting Details |
| The repetition of beginning consonant sounds in words in a sentence. Examples: sweet smell of success, a dime a dozen, bigger and better, jump for joy. | Alliteration |
| Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect. | Figurative Language |
| An exxagerated statement used to make a strong affect. Example: My dog is so ugly, we have to pay people to pet him. | Hyperbole |
| Words and phrases used specifically to help the readier to imagine each of the senses: smell, touch, sight, hearing, and taste. | Imagery |
| A comparison between two unlike things without using the world like or as. Example: Joe is a lion on the playing field. | Metaphor |
| Words whose sounds express their meaning. Examples: "buzz", "crash", "whirr", "clang", "hiss, "purr", "squeak", "mumble", "hush", "boom". | Onomatopoeia |
| Putting two contradictory words together. | Oxymoron |
| Giving lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects. | Personification |
| A comparicson between two unlike things by using the words like or as. | Simile |
| An image, object, character, or action that stands for an idea beyond its literal meaning. | Symbol |
| Struggle between opposing forces in literature. | Conflict |
| The method an author uses to communicate infromation about the characters. | Characterization |
| A conflict between characters such as family conflict, trouble with a bully or diffuculties in romance. | Character vs. Character |
| A conflict between a character and a force in nature such as a tornado, avalanche, extreme weather conditions or any type of natural disaster. This type of conflict is external. | Character vs. Nature |
| An internal conflict that takes place in a character's mind. | Character vs. Self |
| The moment when the action of the story comes to its highest point. This usually occurs at the end of the story just before the resolution. | Climax |
| The background information that the author provides about the setting, plot, character and/opr other essential story elements. | Exposition |
| The part of the story following the climax where there is a sharp decline in dramatic tension; this occurs just before the resoloution. | Falling Action |
| Any story that is the product of imagination rather than fact. | Fiction |
| The events that occur in the story beginning with the setting and ending with the resolution. | Plot |
| Occurs at the end opf the story, and includes the story's action after the climax. | Resolution |
| The part of the story including the exposition, which builds to the climax. | Rising Action |
| Main chracter in opposition to the protagonist; sometiomes not a person but an obstacle such as a force of nature, society or inner conflict. | Antagonist |
| The central character in a story that is the "godd guy", or the one with whom the reader identifies. | Protagonist |
| The actual words/conversation that the charactr says to another character. | Dialouge |
| The speaker of the story. | Narrator |
| Perspective from which the story is being told. The main points of view are fisrt person, third person limited and third person omniscient. | Point of View |
| The story is told from the view-point of a character; as a result the reader is only exposed to what the character experiences. First person point of view is always limited and third person point of view can either be limited or omniscient. | Limited Point of View |
| "All knowing;" instead of being a character in the story, the narrator is outside the story so the thoughts of all the characters are present. | Omniscient Point of View |
| A word that is the opposite of another word. | Antonym |
| Information within the reading selection tat helps the reader figure out the meanings of challenging words. | Context Clues |
| Two or more words that are pronoounced alike but have different meanings. Example: TOO; TO | Homophone |
| Two or more words that are pronoounced alike but have different meanings. Example: TO; TWO | Homonym |
| Letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. | Prefix |
| A word to which prefixes and suffixes are added. | Root Word |
| Letters are placed at the end of a word to change its meaning. | Suffix |
| Two or more words that have hgihly similar meanings. | Synonym |
| The author's reason or intention for writing the selection. Always ask yourself - is the purpose to entertain or to persuade? | Author's Purpose |
| The story of a person's life written by the person. | Autobiography |
| The story of a person's life written by another person. | Biography |
| The end of the reading selection. | Conclusion |
| A narrative intended to convey a moral or lesson to the reader. | Fable |
| Categories of literature such as biography, mystery, historical, sports and romance. | Genre |
| Techniques in which the author interrupts the plot of the story to recreate an incident of an earlier time; it is often used to provide additional information. | Flashback |
| Technique in which the author provides the reader with clues about events that will happen later in the story. | Foreshadowing |
| A difference between what is expected and what actually happens. 2 types of dramatic and situational of this. | Irony |
| A contradiction between what is said and what is meant. | Verbal Irony |
| Occurs when there is a contradiction between what might be expected and what actually occurs. | Dramatic Irony |
| Occurs when there is a contradiction between what the character thinks and what the reader knows ot be true. | Situational Irony |
| The overall feeling created by the author's words. | Mood |
| The environment of time and place where the action of a story occurs. | Setting |
| The underlying message of the selection that the author is trying to convey or communicate to the reader. It may be thought of as the lesson or moral of the story. | Theme |
| The clues of the story that suggest the writer's own attitude toward elements in the story. | Tone |
| The author's style, the quality that makes his or her writing unique. | Voice |
Created by:
2015GupJah
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