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Chapter 08 MedCoding
2018 Medical Coding Training: CPC
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sinus Tract | An abnormal channel or passageway in the skin, which can lead to deeper tissues such as muscle and bone. |
| Fascial Cord | The fascia is part of the deep fascia beginning at the forearm and continuing into the fingers. For some people, the fascia becomes abnormally thick and causes contractures. |
| Trigger Point | Sensitive areas of the body which cause specific effects in other areas. |
| Bursa | A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac located between bones, muscles, or tendons to prevent friction. |
| Bursitis | Inflammation of a bursa. |
| Tendonitis | Inflammation of a tendon/tendons. |
| Degenerative Joint Disease | Affects the joints, but does not affect other body systems like arthritis. DJD is caused by aging joints, injury, and obesity. |
| How many bones and muscles make up the musculoskeletal system? | The musculoskeletal system is comprised of 206 bones and over 600 muscles, with ligaments attaching bone to bone, tendons attaching muscle to bone, and cartilage acting as cushioning between the bones of a joint. |
| Long Bones | Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, etc. |
| Short Bones | Found in wrists and ankles. |
| Carpal and Tarsal Bones | Lack a long axis |
| Flat Bones / Thin Bones | Needed for extensive muscle attachments such as the scapula, pelvic bones, and sternum. |
| Irregular Bones | Bones with irregular shapes such as the vertebrae and the ossicles of the middle ear. |
| Sesamoid Bones | Small, rounded bones that help with muscle functions. The patella, or kneecap, is the largest sesamoid bone. |
| Processes | Any obvious bone prominence, such as the vertebra. |
| Spine | The spine is made up of 33 individual stacked bones in infants. 9 of these bones eventually fuse to form 2 bones making 26 individual stacked bones in adults. |
| Condyle | A rounded prominence found at the point of articulation of another bone, such as the medial and lateral condyle of the femur. |
| Trochlea | A groove shaped structure, such as the trochlea of the humerus. |
| Tubercle | A small, rounded process, such as the less tubercle of the head of the humerus. |
| Trochanter | A very large protuberance such as broad, flat process of the femur at the upper end of its lateral surface (greater trochanter) or the short, conical process on the posterior border of the base of its neck (lesser trochanter). |
| Comminuted Fracture | A break or splinter of a bone into two fragments, usually caused by a high-impact trauma. |
| Oblique Fracture | A diagonal break of the bone. |
| Greenstick Fracture | An incomplete fracture in which a part of the bone is broken causing the other side to bend. This type of fracture is more common in children. |
| Allograft | Transplanting of tissue obtained from a donor of the same species. |
| Autograft | Transplanting tissue into a new position in or on the body of the same individual. |
| Bimalleolar Fracture | Fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus. |
| DHS | Dynamic Hip Screw |
| Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) | The insertion of metal rods, pins, nails, or plates to surgically repair fractured bones. |
| Pathological Fracture | Fracture caused by disease, not an accident or injury. |
| Salter-Harris Fracture | Fracture that involves the epiphyseal growth plate of a bone. It is a common injury found in children, occurring in 15% of childhood long bone fractures. |
| Stress Fracture | A bone injury caused by overuse. |
| Displaced Fracture | The bone breaks in two or more parts and moves, so the ends do not line up. |
| Nondisplaced Fracture | The bone breaks either partway or all the way through, but it doesn't move and stays in proper alignment. |
| The 6 Bones of the Skull | Frontal bone, parietal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone. |
| Frontal Bone | Protects the front of the brain. |
| Temporal Bone | Protects the base and side area of the brain. |
| Parietal Bone | Located at the top and sides of the cranium. |
| Occipital Bone | Forms the back and side region of the skull. |
| Sphenoid Bone | Butterfly shaped bone located in the middle of the skull. |
| Ethmoid Bone | Spongy, cube shaped bone located at the top of the nasal cavity. |
| The 14 Facial Bones | Mandible bone, vomer bone, 2 maxilla bones, 2 palatine bones, 2 zygomatic bones, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 nasal and inferior nasal conchae bones. |
| Temporomandibular Joint | Forms the hinge of the jaw between the mandible and the temporal bone. |
| Thoracic Cage | Made up of 12 ribs, with 8 true ribs and 4 false ribs, with 11 and 12 being floating ribs. |
| Flail Chest | Caused as a result of four fractured ribs in two locations, along with pulmonary contusion. |
| Osteoporosis | A disease of low bone mass that deteriorates bone structure, which combined with everyday activities can result in fracture. |
| Scoliosis | Is a lateral or sideways curvature of the spine. |
| Kyphosis | Is a curving of the spine that resulting in bowing or rounding of the back. |
| Lordosis (aka Swayback) | Refers to the inward curve of the lumbar spine. |
| Spondylolisthesis | A condition in which a vertebra in the spine moves forward out of the proper position onto the bone below it. |
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