Formed elements constitue what remaining percentage of the blood
45%
What are erythrocytes
Red blood cells
The normal life span of an erythrocyte is
120 days
What are leukocytes
white blood cells
Phagocytic cells that engulf and digest bacteria
Neutrophils
Numbers increase in allergies, skin infections, and parasitic infections
eosinophils
the process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury is called
hemostasis
what is the injury to a blood vessel which causes it to constrict slowing the flow of blood
vascular phase
what are the three major veins located in the antecubial fossa
median cubital, cephalic, basilic
Vein of choice
median cubital
second choice vein, often the only vein that can be palpated in obese people
cephalic
third choice vein, near brachial artery
basilic
veins that are hard or cordlike
sclerosed
Needles smaller than 23 gauge if used can cause
hemolysis
Most common complication of phlebotomy
hematoma
blood that has accumulated in the tissue surrounding the vein
hematoma
caused by the tourniquet being left on too long
hemoconcentration
the increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma
hemoconcentration
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
tiny non raised red spots on skin from rupturing of capillaries due to the tourniquet being on too long or too tight
Petechiae
blood clot usually a consequence of insufficient pressure applied
thrombus
the accumulation of fluid in the tissues
edema
patient misidentification
preanalytical error
extended tourniquet time
analytical error
wrong order of draw
analytical error
exposure to light
post analytical error
reasons a tube may loose its vaccuum
a manufacturing defect, expired tube, tube may have a small crack
collection of blood while patient is in the basal state
fasting specimen
patient has fasted and refrained from strenous exercise for 12 hours prior to draw
basal state
test used to evaluate diabetes mellitus glucose level is compared with the level 2 hours after eating a full meal or ingesting a measured amount of glucose
two hour postprandial test
test that is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus and evaluate patients with frequent low blood suger
oral glucose tolerance test
test used to monitor blood levels of certain medication
therapeutic drug monitoring
trough levels are collected how long before scheduled dose
30 minutes
time for collecting peak levels in therapeutic drug monitoring will vary on what
the medication, patient's metabolism, and the route of administration
used to detect presence of microorganisms in the patient's blood
blood cultures
test that is ordered for infants to detect phenylketonuria
pku
pku test is performed
on newborn's heel or urine
specimens that are wrapped in aluminum foil after draw are
light sensitive specimens
name test that are light sensitive
bilirubin, beta carotene, vitamins a and b6, and porphyrins
areas recommened for dermal puncture for infants is
the medial and lateral areas of the plantar surface of the foot
heel punctures for infants should not exceed
2.0 mm deep
delivers oxygen throughout the body
rbc's
name the clinical labatory sections
hematology section, chemistry, blood bank, microbiology, urinalysis, serology
section of the clinical lab that studies the formed elements of blood
hematology
section of lab that that is most automated
chemistry
what are the sections of the chemistry section of the lab
electrophoresis, toxicology, immunochemisty
analyzes chemical components of blood
electrophoresis
analyzes plasma levels of drugs and poisons
toxicology
uses radio immunoassay to detect and measure hormones, enzymes
immunochemisty
section that is responsible for detection of pathogenic microorganisms
microbiology
performs test on urine
urinalysis section
what are the three componets of urinalysis
physical exam, chemical exam, and microscopic exam
evalutes teh color clarity and gravity of urinalysis
physical exam
determines ph, glucose, ketones, protein in urinalysis
chemical exam
identifies presence of casts, yeast, bacteria and parasites in urinalysis
microscopic exam
latex sensitivity that can cause allergic reactions ranging from simple dermatitis to anaphylaxis
allergic reaction
what are the five signs of shock
pale cold clammy skin, rapid or weak pulse, increased or shallow breathing rate, expressionless face or staring eyes, nausea and vomitting
what is the first aid for shock
maintain an open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep the victim lying down with the head lower than the rest of the body, attempt to control bleeding or cause of shock, keep the victim warm
infectious microorganisms that can be classified into groups
agents
method by which an infectious agent leaves it reservoir
portal of exit
specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the susceptible host
mode of transmission
name the five types of mode of transmission
contact,droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vectorborne
designed to reduce transmission by direct or indirect contact
contact precaution
involves skin to skin contact
direct contact
involves contact with a contaminated object
indirect contact
designed to reduce the risk of airborne transmission
airborne precautions
microorganisms spread by air currents
airborne transmission
designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission
droplet precautions
involves contact with mucous membranes
droplet transmission
consent given by the patient who is made aware of any procedure to be performed
informed consent
consent with out permission in case of an emergency
implied consent
wrongful act that results in injury to one person by another
mr. charles11
