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Stack #27028
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hyperkalemia normal value | 3.4-5 mEq/L |
| Hyperkalemia manifestations | Hx of renal failure & oliguria hypotension, bradycardia, nuscle weakness, nausea anuria |
| hyperkalemia interventiuons | initiate saline lock; notifyMD of K level and anuria infuse insulin & glucose to increase K uptake into cells ; IV Ca gluconate infusion dec. antogonistic effect of K excess on myocardium. Put pt on monitor due to possible severe dysrhytmias/arrest |
| hyperkalemai misc. | K levels over 7. mEq. arelikely to cause cardiac distrubances/ arrest |
| hypokalemia systems to assess | CV nueromuscular , GI, mental status (irritability /confusion) |
| hypokalemia manifestations | use of lasix w/out supplemental K; fatique; muscle weakness; depression; nocturia/polyuria, N/V, diarrha ab. distension |
| hypokalemia intervention | intiate saline lock; oral (less severe) IV (more severe) K Cardiac Montor (if pulse is weak/thready) |
| hypokalamia misc. | never push IV K (adminster 10 mEq/hr. diluted in IV fluid) |
| hypokalemia risk pop. | crash dieting, metabolic/ respiratory, alkalosis, diuretic therapy, loss of GI fluids, steroid use, estrogen use, severe burns, decrease K intake, liver disease with ascites, malabsoption, severe catabolism |
| hyperkalemia risk factors | renal failure, excessive K+ intake, cell damage, crushing injuries, K+ sparing diuretics, metablic acidosis, transfusion of old blood, internal hemorrhage |
| hypernatremia level | > 145 mEq/L |
| hypernatremia systems to assess | CV neuromuscualr Renal , CNS, respiratory, skin |
| hypernatremia manifestations | diarrhea, confusion/agitation/nonresponsive; dry mucous membranes; poor skin turgor; increase respirations; tachycardia; hypotension |
| hypernatremia interventions | initate saline lock when caused by fluid loss ; repalce with 1/4 to 1/2 saline.. Whencuased by fluid $ Na loss, replae with isotonic NS-- diuretics can be used to treat when caused by inadquet renal excretion of Na. |
| hypernatremia interventions | assess hourly for S&S of excess flluid loss, hyponatremia or hypokalemia; Monitor mental status; provide good oral hygiene; dialy weights , I&O |
| Hyponatremia | <135mEq/L |
| hyponatremia systems to assess | CV Neuromuscular, GI, Mental Status |
| hyponatremia manifestation | HA, drowsiness, N/V, severe diaphoresis; fatique, muscle cramps in legs; confusion; convulsions; hyporeflexia |
| hyponatremia interventions | IV replacement of Na (NS 1-2L -in more severe cases, give 3% or 5% Saline) monitor for S&S of fluid overload (crackles,edema, neck vein, distension,ascities, increase.BP) I&O daily wt.; other meds (esp. diuretics, MS, chemo) |
| hyponatremia misc. | commonly caused by strenuous activity in high heat |
| hypocalemia levels | <8.7 mg/dL |
| hypocalemia systems to assess | CV, mental status |
| hypocalcemia manifestations | +chvostek's sign(tap side of face) + trousseau's sign ( apply BP cuff for 2-4min) dec.in pulse, numbness/tingling in extremeties; anxiety; irritalbity |
| hypcalcemia interventions | administer prescribed Ca sol. Watch for throbophlepitis/extravasation/clotting/ thrombus formation/CV distrubances/ recurrence of hypocalcemi/overcorrectio of Ca promotorl intake of Ca ( and vit. D when pts. conditiona has improved. |
| hypocalcemia misc. | do NOT give Ca with saline |
Created by:
mashechka