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x-ray interactions
rad phyics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
a photoelectron | is matter, possesses energy, is capable of creating biological changes |
almost all the kinetic energy of the incident electrons is converted to | heat |
an interaction that occurs between low energy x-ray photons and matter is called___ scatter | coherent, classical, unmodified |
as the angle of deflection is increased from 0 to 180 degrees | greater energy is imparted to the recoil electron |
as the electrons shell move farther from the nucleus, total electron energies___ and binding___ energies | increase, decrease |
at the end of the characteristic cascade, the ___shell is missing an electron | outermost |
brems interactions may occur only when the incident electron interacts with | the force field of the nucleus |
characteristic interactions may occur only when the incident electron interacts with | an inner-shell electron |
compton scattering occurs whrn an incident x-ray photon interacts with a___electron | loosely bound outer-shell |
during a characteristic interaction, the dropping of a higher-energy state electron into a lower-energy state "hole" results in the emission of | a photon of energy |
during a characteristic interaction, the energy of the incident electron must be___the elcrton it knocks from its orbit | greater than that of |
during coherent scattering, the scattered photon possesses___as the incident photon | the same energy, the same frequency, and the same wavelength |
during compton scattering, the incident photon energy is divided between the | ejected electron and the scattered photon |
during photoelectric absorption, an___ shell electron is ejected | inner |
during photoelectric absorption, the ejected electron is called a | photoelectron |
during the photoelectron interaction, as an electron transfers from an outer shell to a vacant inner shell, energy is released in the form of | a characteristic photon |
during the process of attenuation, the x-ray photon may interact with | the nucleus, the entire atom, an orbital electron |
during the process of attenuation, x-ray photons in the beam | reduce in number, lose energy, interact |
during which interaction with matter is the x-ray photon converted to matter in the form of two electrons | pair production |
if a photon interacts with matter and scatters, the photon | exists with less energy |
in the human body, ___is the predominant interaction through most of the diagnostic x-ray range | compton scattering |
in which element are inner-shell electrons more tightly bound to the nucleus | lead(Z=82) |
in which process is matter converted back to energy | annihilation reaction |
secondary radiation energies are highest for which element | barium |
the electron dislodged during compton scattering is called the | recoil electron |
the energy of a brems photon is | the difference between the binding energy of the outer and inner shells between which the electron dropped |
the K-shell can hold a max of ___electrons | 2 |
a photon that exists the atom after a compton scattering is called the comptom | scattered photon |
the transfer of the incident electron's kinetic energy to the out-shell electrons causing vibration of the out-shell electron results in the emission of | infrared radiation |
the types of target interactions that occur in the production of diagnostic range x-ray photons are dependent upon | electron kinetic energy |
unwanted densities caused predominantly by scattered photons are called | radiation fog |
what percentage of target interaction results in the production of x-rays | 1 percent |
when an electron from an outer shell fills a vacancy in an inner shell | more than one of the above |
when an x-ray passes trough matter, it undergoes a process called | attenuation |
when an x-ray photon with a slightly greater energy than the binding energy of the inner-shell electron interacts with that inner-shell electron, the following interaction results | photoelectron absorption |
when x-ray photons interact with matter and change direction, the process is called | scatter |
which atomic shell possesses the highest binding energy | K |
which energy-level electrons possess the highest total energy | N |
which of the following interactions has a significant impact on the x-ray image | photoelectric absorption |
which of the following interactions has a significant impact on the x-ray image | compton scattering |
which of the following interactions with matter results in a radiograph with a long scale of contrast | compton scattering |
which of the following interactions with matter results in a radiograph with a short scale of contrast | photoelectric interactions |
a photoelectric interaction is more likely to occur when the x-ray photon energy and the electron binding energy are farther from one another | false |
a photoelectric interaction is more likely to occur with an electron that is loosely bound in its orbit than with an electron that is tightly bound | false |
as kVp increases, the percentage of compton interactions decreases | false |
as kVp increases, the total number of photons transmitted without interaction increases | true |
as the atomic number of an element increases, the energy required to remove an inner-shell electron decreases | false |
as the kinetic energy of the incident electron increases, so does the efficiency of the photon production | true |
during coherent scattering, the scatterd photon differs from the initial photon in direction | true |
during pair production, the negatively charged electron is termed a negatron | true |
during photoelectric interaction, the incient x-ray photon must be greater than the binding energy of the inner-shell electron | true |
in a brems interaction, the closer the incident electron travels to the nucleus, the lower the energy of the resultant x-ray photon | false |
in the diagnostic range, the kinetic energy of the incident electrons is high enough to eject an outer-shell electron causing ionization | true |
photodisintergration is extremely relevant in diagnostic imaging ranges | false |
some x-ray photons may pass through matter and not interact with that matter at all | true |
the creation of a characteristic photon in the diagnostic range is always the result of a K-shell electron ejection | true |
the creation of a characteristic photon is always the result of a K-shell electron ejection | false |
the electron ejected during a characteristic interaction is also known as the x-ray photon | false |
when a photon is absorbed, all of the energy is transferred to the matter | true |
when a photon is absorbed, it no longer exists | true |
when a scattered photon is defleted back toward the source, it is traveling in the direction opposite to the incident photon and is called backscatter radiation | true |