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Lap 1 History
Test
Question | Answer |
---|---|
people who study the past | historians |
things left behind by people which are studied what life was like in the past | historical evidence |
the earth is _ years old | 4 billion |
people started keeping records when? | 3000 BCE |
things left behind in the past that ere studied? | artifacts, documents/writings |
written works | documents |
old stone age | paleolithic |
tools were made out of stone, bone, wood; NEVER METAL | stone age |
farming is introduced | Neolithic |
stone, bone, wood | paleolithic |
first evidence of what during paleolithic era? | religious belief, cave paintings, small statues, careful burial |
we all started where then migrated? | Africa |
How did Paleolithic people live and survive the Ice AGe? | 1. they were nomads 2. hunter gatherers 3. Tools & Weapons 4. Fire 5. Clothing & Shelter |
moved with the food source | nomads |
different jobs; killed animals | hunter gatherers |
What did fire do during the Ice Age? | it helped control heat necessary to survive the ice age |
When does the neolithic age end? | when metal is introduced |
What is the Significance of farming? | 1. Domesticate ( selective breeding) 2. Settlement (eventually grow into cities; no need to move) 3. Stable food supply 4. Population Growth 5. New Tech developed for new way of life 6. Food Surplus 7. Division labor -> inequality 8. Civilization |
stable food supply population growth New Tech developed for new way of life Food surplus leads to divison of labor DOL -> Inequality | plant based foods, meat, milk able to feed more people everyone's job is to farm women were not able to do same things as men |
a new stage of human development | civilizations |
center of all civilizations | cities |
typically tied in with religion | government |
to explain the roles of society and to explain natural phenomenon; certain agreements on what the religion | complex religion |
jobs | division of labor |
ranked on importance | hierarchy; social structure |
connected to religion and government | art & architecture |
things that don't belong anyone individual but important for the society to function | public works |
example of public works? | roads, defense works |
first civilization depends on what? | river valleys; fertile crescent, Egypt, India, China |
water and fertile land allows them? | to farm |
one culture borrowing attractive elements from another culture | culture diffusion |
Two parts of the fertile crescent? | Mesopotamia |
countries located in FC? | kuwait, syria, iran, iraq |
Tigris and Euphrates did? | flood unpredictable no ability to farm fertile soil |
flat open plains left | no barriers against attack |
made to build homes, and ziggurat, art and architecture | clay |
first civilization | sumerian |
cities were Ur, Uruk | sumerian |
surrounded by a wall; constantly under attack | sumerian |
early temple made of clay bricks that indicate religion lasted forever | ciggurat |
traded w/egypt and india | sumerian |
invented the wheel; wheeled vehicles, used math, astronomy | sumerian |
government where the high priest was also the king and lead military | sumerian |
polytheism; gods were angry bc of geography | sumerian |
based on their job | Sumerian hierarchy (King/Priest/Warrior) |
sumerian handwriting; latin for wedge shaped | cuneiform |
written in 3 different languages | cuneiform, persian |
told the tale of king sumer looking for immortality, inscribed on 12 tablets | epic of gilgamesh |
created math based on the number six, built sewers, geometry, bronze, ziggurat | Sumerian legacy |
conquered sumerians | akkadians |
Sargon I | akkadians |
develops city-states | akkadians |
groups of different peoples under one goverment | empire |
leader of the empire | emperor |
one very powerful government being subjugated | imperial |
adopted much of sumerian culture | akkadians |
made codified legal system given to by King Hammurabi | babylonians |
first written down legal code | babylonians |
generally known what is illegal and the punishment | common law |
conquered Mesopotamia in 1790 BCE; adopted sumerian culture | Babylonians |
oldest known legal system | code of hammurabi |
codify civil law and criminal law | code of hammurabi |
between person and government | criminal law |
between neighbor and government | civil law |
unfair favors to higher class over lower class; patriarchal | Code of Hammurabi |
adopted much of Sumerian culture; introduced iron | Hitties |
made iron ploy to help in farming | Hitties |
introduced chariot and modified: 3 men and one to drive and two fighters | Hitties |
rules the fertile crescent until conquered by sea people | Hitties |
conquered the fertile crescent; adopting sumerian culture | assyrians |
military is different; through terror and psychological warfare; rule under threat of fear | Assyrians |
capital city Nineveh | Assyrians |
Absolute rulers | Assyrians |
Contributed to the library at Nineveh | Assyrians |
Overthrown by the Chaldeans | Assyrians |
King Nebuchadnezzar | Chaldeans |
rebuilt Babylon as capital | Chaldeans |
2nd or New Babylonian Empire | Chaldeans |
Babylonian Captivity of the Jews | Chaldeans/King Nebuchadnezzar |
contributed the Ishtar gate, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon | Chaldeans |
Cyrus the Great; known for compassion, beloved by the people, frees the Jews | Persians |
takes over after Cyrus conquered and unified empire; wrote the Behistun rock; instead of trading goods introduced coins, built 1500 miles of roads | Darius I |
type of government where people in charge of public works make sure government runs smoothly | bureaucracy |
satrapy headed by governor | satrap |
separates Persia into provinces | satrapy |
Persians contributed | Zoroastrianism |
weights and measures so everyone gets fair way when trading | law code |
Persian thinker develops a religion that unites the Persian Empire | Zoroaster |
dualist;monotheistic | Zoroastrianism |
two forces are constantly battling for power over the earth | dualism |
the God; positive, power creator | Ahura Mazda |
the EVIL guy; bad, prince of wise & evil | Ahriman |
ZEN. the sacred writing/ text teaches you have free will to choose between good or evil; reward of paradise to those who follow good; evil ends in eternal suffering | Avesta |
Why is it not similar to Judaism and Christianity? | not same concept of afterlife but are both monotheistic and dualist |
never an empire; empire of trade | phoenicians |
created trading colonies: North Africa, Spain, Europe, Italy | phoenicians |
known for seamanship | phoenicians |
"carriers of civilization" | phoenicians |
invented purple dye named tyrian purple | phoenicians |
replaced cuneiform with the alphabet; invented glass blowing | phoenicians |
No Nile | No Egypt |
Black silt made it possible to | farm |
red land | desert |
floods predictable | nile river |
similar to tigris and Euphrates? | make civilization and farming possible |
dis-similarities to TE and Nile? | flooding is predictable and stable |
Nile is 2 distinct regions | Upper Egypt - South Lower Egypt - North |
starts the first Egyptian dynasty | King Memes |
capital of unified Egypt | Memphis |
divided Egypt 3 kingdoms during unification | Old, Middle, New |
ruling families | dynasty |
title of the king, also divine, | pharaoh |
Whats the Pharaoh job? | has absolute power, makes the sun rise, crops grow, nile river flood, keep Ma'at (cosmic order) in check |
government ruled by religious figures | theocracy |
organized government through officials | bureaucracy |
steward of the land; pharaoh right hand man | vizier |
Age of the pyramids | Old Kingdom |
Why dd they stop building pyramids? | Bc grave robbers would steal |
Khurfu, Khafre, Menkaure, largest public works built by farmers during the flood season | Pyramid of Giza |
made as a protector to protect the tombs | Sphinx |
What was the sphinx made out of? | limestone |
Middle Kingdom changed the capital to? | Thebes |
expand boundaries to Nubia | Middle Kingdom |
Ends with an invasion of the Hyksos | MK |
people from Syria | Hyksos |
ruled for 100 yrs. teach Egyptians about war and military, how to create armor and weapons | Hyksos |
age of empire | NK |
built a powerful military and permanent army | NK |
time of wealth; increased trade, new building projects | NK |
Egyptian empire lost by? | Sea People |
Do not gain independence till? | 1990s |
Sign peace treaty w Hitties | NK |
most important part of civilization | religion |
remain unchangeable for thousands of yrs | religion |
Egyptian religion is | polytheistic |
wife of Osiris, mother of the universe | Isis |
has the head of the Hawk, son | Horus |
Symbol of Resurrection, story compared to Jesus, God of the Nile, Bringer of Life, Judge of the Dead | Osiris |
makes it possible for your soul to recognize your body, expensive, takes days | mummification |
Tomb never robbed, provided artifact evidence of Egyptian life? | King Tut |
Where was King tut discovered? | Valley of the Kings, was not buried |
Pharaoh-priest-artisans-scribes-farmers | social hierarchy of egypt |
women couldn't be? | scribe or hod a government job |
did not change, not realistic, symbolic and colorful - religious | art and architecture |
three forms of writing | hieroglyphics, hieratic, demotic |
characters that have meaning, inscribed into stone on temples, tombs, and monuments | hieroglyphics |
simplified hieroglyphics for religious texts used on papyrus | hieratic |
business transactions and daily life writing on paper | demotic |
Rosetta Stone was written in 3 languages | demotic, hieroglyphics, ancient Greek |
RS was deciphered by | Jean Champillon |
Before writing | prehistory |
Each city-state had its own | government |
found the tomb of King Tut | Howard Carter |
land between rivers | mesopotamia |
what are the modern day countries located in fertile crescent? | Iran iraq Kuwait syria lebanon israel jordan |
deciphered the Behistun Rock | Sir Henry Rawlinson |