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Lap 1 History
Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| people who study the past | historians |
| things left behind by people which are studied what life was like in the past | historical evidence |
| the earth is _ years old | 4 billion |
| people started keeping records when? | 3000 BCE |
| things left behind in the past that ere studied? | artifacts, documents/writings |
| written works | documents |
| old stone age | paleolithic |
| tools were made out of stone, bone, wood; NEVER METAL | stone age |
| farming is introduced | Neolithic |
| stone, bone, wood | paleolithic |
| first evidence of what during paleolithic era? | religious belief, cave paintings, small statues, careful burial |
| we all started where then migrated? | Africa |
| How did Paleolithic people live and survive the Ice AGe? | 1. they were nomads 2. hunter gatherers 3. Tools & Weapons 4. Fire 5. Clothing & Shelter |
| moved with the food source | nomads |
| different jobs; killed animals | hunter gatherers |
| What did fire do during the Ice Age? | it helped control heat necessary to survive the ice age |
| When does the neolithic age end? | when metal is introduced |
| What is the Significance of farming? | 1. Domesticate ( selective breeding) 2. Settlement (eventually grow into cities; no need to move) 3. Stable food supply 4. Population Growth 5. New Tech developed for new way of life 6. Food Surplus 7. Division labor -> inequality 8. Civilization |
| stable food supply population growth New Tech developed for new way of life Food surplus leads to divison of labor DOL -> Inequality | plant based foods, meat, milk able to feed more people everyone's job is to farm women were not able to do same things as men |
| a new stage of human development | civilizations |
| center of all civilizations | cities |
| typically tied in with religion | government |
| to explain the roles of society and to explain natural phenomenon; certain agreements on what the religion | complex religion |
| jobs | division of labor |
| ranked on importance | hierarchy; social structure |
| connected to religion and government | art & architecture |
| things that don't belong anyone individual but important for the society to function | public works |
| example of public works? | roads, defense works |
| first civilization depends on what? | river valleys; fertile crescent, Egypt, India, China |
| water and fertile land allows them? | to farm |
| one culture borrowing attractive elements from another culture | culture diffusion |
| Two parts of the fertile crescent? | Mesopotamia |
| countries located in FC? | kuwait, syria, iran, iraq |
| Tigris and Euphrates did? | flood unpredictable no ability to farm fertile soil |
| flat open plains left | no barriers against attack |
| made to build homes, and ziggurat, art and architecture | clay |
| first civilization | sumerian |
| cities were Ur, Uruk | sumerian |
| surrounded by a wall; constantly under attack | sumerian |
| early temple made of clay bricks that indicate religion lasted forever | ciggurat |
| traded w/egypt and india | sumerian |
| invented the wheel; wheeled vehicles, used math, astronomy | sumerian |
| government where the high priest was also the king and lead military | sumerian |
| polytheism; gods were angry bc of geography | sumerian |
| based on their job | Sumerian hierarchy (King/Priest/Warrior) |
| sumerian handwriting; latin for wedge shaped | cuneiform |
| written in 3 different languages | cuneiform, persian |
| told the tale of king sumer looking for immortality, inscribed on 12 tablets | epic of gilgamesh |
| created math based on the number six, built sewers, geometry, bronze, ziggurat | Sumerian legacy |
| conquered sumerians | akkadians |
| Sargon I | akkadians |
| develops city-states | akkadians |
| groups of different peoples under one goverment | empire |
| leader of the empire | emperor |
| one very powerful government being subjugated | imperial |
| adopted much of sumerian culture | akkadians |
| made codified legal system given to by King Hammurabi | babylonians |
| first written down legal code | babylonians |
| generally known what is illegal and the punishment | common law |
| conquered Mesopotamia in 1790 BCE; adopted sumerian culture | Babylonians |
| oldest known legal system | code of hammurabi |
| codify civil law and criminal law | code of hammurabi |
| between person and government | criminal law |
| between neighbor and government | civil law |
| unfair favors to higher class over lower class; patriarchal | Code of Hammurabi |
| adopted much of Sumerian culture; introduced iron | Hitties |
| made iron ploy to help in farming | Hitties |
| introduced chariot and modified: 3 men and one to drive and two fighters | Hitties |
| rules the fertile crescent until conquered by sea people | Hitties |
| conquered the fertile crescent; adopting sumerian culture | assyrians |
| military is different; through terror and psychological warfare; rule under threat of fear | Assyrians |
| capital city Nineveh | Assyrians |
| Absolute rulers | Assyrians |
| Contributed to the library at Nineveh | Assyrians |
| Overthrown by the Chaldeans | Assyrians |
| King Nebuchadnezzar | Chaldeans |
| rebuilt Babylon as capital | Chaldeans |
| 2nd or New Babylonian Empire | Chaldeans |
| Babylonian Captivity of the Jews | Chaldeans/King Nebuchadnezzar |
| contributed the Ishtar gate, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon | Chaldeans |
| Cyrus the Great; known for compassion, beloved by the people, frees the Jews | Persians |
| takes over after Cyrus conquered and unified empire; wrote the Behistun rock; instead of trading goods introduced coins, built 1500 miles of roads | Darius I |
| type of government where people in charge of public works make sure government runs smoothly | bureaucracy |
| satrapy headed by governor | satrap |
| separates Persia into provinces | satrapy |
| Persians contributed | Zoroastrianism |
| weights and measures so everyone gets fair way when trading | law code |
| Persian thinker develops a religion that unites the Persian Empire | Zoroaster |
| dualist;monotheistic | Zoroastrianism |
| two forces are constantly battling for power over the earth | dualism |
| the God; positive, power creator | Ahura Mazda |
| the EVIL guy; bad, prince of wise & evil | Ahriman |
| ZEN. the sacred writing/ text teaches you have free will to choose between good or evil; reward of paradise to those who follow good; evil ends in eternal suffering | Avesta |
| Why is it not similar to Judaism and Christianity? | not same concept of afterlife but are both monotheistic and dualist |
| never an empire; empire of trade | phoenicians |
| created trading colonies: North Africa, Spain, Europe, Italy | phoenicians |
| known for seamanship | phoenicians |
| "carriers of civilization" | phoenicians |
| invented purple dye named tyrian purple | phoenicians |
| replaced cuneiform with the alphabet; invented glass blowing | phoenicians |
| No Nile | No Egypt |
| Black silt made it possible to | farm |
| red land | desert |
| floods predictable | nile river |
| similar to tigris and Euphrates? | make civilization and farming possible |
| dis-similarities to TE and Nile? | flooding is predictable and stable |
| Nile is 2 distinct regions | Upper Egypt - South Lower Egypt - North |
| starts the first Egyptian dynasty | King Memes |
| capital of unified Egypt | Memphis |
| divided Egypt 3 kingdoms during unification | Old, Middle, New |
| ruling families | dynasty |
| title of the king, also divine, | pharaoh |
| Whats the Pharaoh job? | has absolute power, makes the sun rise, crops grow, nile river flood, keep Ma'at (cosmic order) in check |
| government ruled by religious figures | theocracy |
| organized government through officials | bureaucracy |
| steward of the land; pharaoh right hand man | vizier |
| Age of the pyramids | Old Kingdom |
| Why dd they stop building pyramids? | Bc grave robbers would steal |
| Khurfu, Khafre, Menkaure, largest public works built by farmers during the flood season | Pyramid of Giza |
| made as a protector to protect the tombs | Sphinx |
| What was the sphinx made out of? | limestone |
| Middle Kingdom changed the capital to? | Thebes |
| expand boundaries to Nubia | Middle Kingdom |
| Ends with an invasion of the Hyksos | MK |
| people from Syria | Hyksos |
| ruled for 100 yrs. teach Egyptians about war and military, how to create armor and weapons | Hyksos |
| age of empire | NK |
| built a powerful military and permanent army | NK |
| time of wealth; increased trade, new building projects | NK |
| Egyptian empire lost by? | Sea People |
| Do not gain independence till? | 1990s |
| Sign peace treaty w Hitties | NK |
| most important part of civilization | religion |
| remain unchangeable for thousands of yrs | religion |
| Egyptian religion is | polytheistic |
| wife of Osiris, mother of the universe | Isis |
| has the head of the Hawk, son | Horus |
| Symbol of Resurrection, story compared to Jesus, God of the Nile, Bringer of Life, Judge of the Dead | Osiris |
| makes it possible for your soul to recognize your body, expensive, takes days | mummification |
| Tomb never robbed, provided artifact evidence of Egyptian life? | King Tut |
| Where was King tut discovered? | Valley of the Kings, was not buried |
| Pharaoh-priest-artisans-scribes-farmers | social hierarchy of egypt |
| women couldn't be? | scribe or hod a government job |
| did not change, not realistic, symbolic and colorful - religious | art and architecture |
| three forms of writing | hieroglyphics, hieratic, demotic |
| characters that have meaning, inscribed into stone on temples, tombs, and monuments | hieroglyphics |
| simplified hieroglyphics for religious texts used on papyrus | hieratic |
| business transactions and daily life writing on paper | demotic |
| Rosetta Stone was written in 3 languages | demotic, hieroglyphics, ancient Greek |
| RS was deciphered by | Jean Champillon |
| Before writing | prehistory |
| Each city-state had its own | government |
| found the tomb of King Tut | Howard Carter |
| land between rivers | mesopotamia |
| what are the modern day countries located in fertile crescent? | Iran iraq Kuwait syria lebanon israel jordan |
| deciphered the Behistun Rock | Sir Henry Rawlinson |
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