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FA Embryology

QuestionAnswer
In which week does implantation occur? Week 1
In which week does bilaminar disk form? Week 2
In whhich week does grastulation occurs? Week 3
In which week does heart begin to beat? Week 4
In which week does the upper and lower limb buds begin to form? Week 4
In which week does the neural tube form? Weeks 3 to 8
The embryo in which week is extremely susceptible to teratogens? Weeks 3 to 8
In which week does the fetus's genitalia begin to have male or female characteristics? Week 10
Brain, retina, spinal cord. They are the embryonic derivative of what? Neuro-ectoderm
Peripheral nervous system and its nearby non-neural structures are embryonic derivatives of what? Neural crest
Aorticopulmonary septum is an embryonic derivative of what? Neural crest
Odontoblast is an embryonic derivative of what? Neural crest
The spleen is an embryonic derivative of what? Mesoderm
What is the postnatal derivative of the notocord? Nucleus pulposus
What cell during pregnancy secretes hCG? Syncytiotrophoblast
What is the embryonic structure which gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk? Truncus arteriosus
What is the embryonic structure which gives rise to the smooth parts of the left and right ventricle? Bulbus cordis
What is the embryonic structure which gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricle? Primitive ventricle
What is the embryonic structure which gives rise to the trabeculated part of the left and right atrium? Primitive atria
The left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to what structure? Coronary sinus
The right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to what structure? Smooth part of right atrium
The right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein gives rise to what structure? Superior vena cava
What other congenital cardiac defect is always present with truncus arteriosus? Ventricular septal defect
List the organs which fetal erythropoesis takes place. Yolk sac (3-8 wk) Liver (6-30 wk) Spleen (9-28 wk) Bone marrow (28 wk onward)
What is the postnatal derivative of the umbilical vein? Ligamentum teres hepatis, contained in falciform ligament
What is the postnatal derivative of the umbiLical arteries? mediaL umbilical ligaments
What is the postnatal derivative of the ductus arteriosus? Ligamentum arteriosum
What is the postnatal derivative of the ductus venosus? Ligamentum venosum
What is the postnatal derivative of the foramen ovale? Fossa ovalis
What is the postnasal derivative of the allaNtois and urachus? mediaN umbilical ligament
What is the diaphragm derived from? S P B D 1) Septum transverum -> central tendon 2) Pleuroperitoneal folds 3) Body wall 4) Dorsal mesentery of esophagus -> crura
What causes gastroschisis? Failure of lateral body folds to fuse
Dx : Baby with cyanosis, choking and vomiting with feeding, air bubble on CXR and polyhydramnios. Tracheo-esophageal fistula
Dx : Palpable "olive" mass in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2 weeks of age Congenital pyloric stenosis
Which part of the pancreas is formed by the ventral pancreatic bud? Pancreatic head
Which part of the pancreas is formed by the dorsal pancreatic bud? Body and tail
Name a non-endodermal organ which is supplied by artery of foregut. Spleen
What syndrome is seen as a result of malformation of ureteric bud? Potter's syndrome
Without Mullerian inhibiting substance, what does the paramesonephric duct develop into? Fallopian tube, uterus, and upper 1/3 of vagina
What does the lower 2/3 of the vagina develop from? Urogenital sinus
In the male, what does the mesonephric duct develop into? SEED 1) Seminal vesicles 2) Epididymis 3) Ejaculatory duct 4) Ductus deferens
How is the kidney function of a patient with horseshoe kidney? Normal
What is the condition that results from incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts? Bicornuate uterus
With DHT, what does the genital tubercle develop into? Glans penis, Corpus spongiosum
With Estrogen, what does the genital tubercle develop into? Glans clitoris, Vestibular bulbs
With DHT, what does the urogenital folds develop into? Ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra)
With estrogen, what does the urogenital folds develop into? Labia minora
With DHT, what does the labioscrotal swelling develop into? Scrotum
With Estrogen, what does the labioscrotal swelling develop into? Labia majora
What is the bulbouretral glands derived from? Urogenital sinus
What is the Prostate gland derived from? Urogenital sinus
What is the greater vestibular glands derived from? Urogenital sinus
What is the Urethral and para-urethral glands derived from? Urogenital sinus
What is the congenital abnormality that is caused by failure of the urethral folds to close? Hypospadias
What is the congenital abnormality that is caused by the faulty positioning of genital tubercle? Epispadias
Why is it important to fix hypospadias? To prevent UTI
Which part of the umbilical cord functions to remove nitrogenous waste from fetal bladder. Urachus
Which aortic arch forms the : part of Maxillary artery 1st Arch
Which aortic arch forms the : Stapedial artery and hyoid artery 2nd Arch
Which aortic arch forms the : common Carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery 3rd Arch
Which aortic arch forms the : aortic arch (on left) and proximal part of right subclavian artery (on right) 4th Arch
Which aortic arch forms the : proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriousus 6th Arch
Which primary brain vesicle form : Cerebral hemisphere Telencephalon
Which primary brain vesicle form : Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, neurohypophysis, and eye Diencephalalon
Which primary brain vesicle form : Midbrain Mesencephalon
Which primary brain vesicle form : Pons Metencephalon
Which primary brain vesicle form : Cerebellum Metencephalon
Which primary brain vesicle form : Medulla Myelencephalon
Which primary brain vesicle form : Aqueduct Mesencephalon
Which CNS disease is associated with low folic acid intake during pregnancy? Neural tube defects
Which neural tube defect presents as : Tuft of hair. Normal levels of alpha-feto protein, asymptomatic Spina bifida occulta (failure of bony spinal cxanal to close, but no structural herniation)
Which neural tube defect has the meninges herniating through spinal canal defect, but no spinal cord herniation. Meningocele
Which neural tube defect has both the meninges and spinal cord herniate through spinal canal defect? Myelomeningocele
Dx : Forebrain anomaly which is caused by decreased seperation of hemispheres across midline. Results in cyclopia. Holo-pros-encephaly
Dx : Forebrain anomaly which is caused by malformation of anterior end of neural tube. Has polyhydramnios and elevated AFP. Anencephaly
Dx : Forebrain anomaly which is caused by decreased seperation of hemispheres across midline. Results in cyclopia. Holo-pros-encephaly
Dx : Forebrain anomaly which is caused by malformation of anterior end of neural tube. Has polyhydramnios and elevated AFP. Anencephaly
Dx : Posterior fossa malformations which is caused by cerebellar tonsillar herniation through foramen magnum with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephaly. Chiari type II
Dx : Posterior fossa malformation which often presents with syringomyelia, and thoracolumbar myelomeningocele. Chiari type II
Dx : Posterior fossa malformation which has absent cerebellum with cyst in its place. Has large posterior fossa too. Dandy-Walker syndrome
Dx : Cape-like, Bilateral loss of pain and temperature in upper extremities with preservation of touch sensations. Syringomyelia
Syringomyelia is most common at which vertebra level? C8 - T1
Branchial arch 1 derivatives is supplied by which cranial nerve? CN V2 and V3
Branchial arch 2 derivatives is supplied by which cranial nerve? CN VII
Branchial arch 3 derivatives is supplied by which cranial nerve? CN IX
Branchial arch 4 and 6 derivatives is supplied by which cranial nerve? CN X
Dx : Mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities Treacher Collins syndrome (1st-arch neural crest fails to migrate)
Dx : Fistula between tonsillar area, Cleft in lateral neck Congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula
Stylopharngeus is innervated by which CN nerve? GlossoPHARYNGEAL nerve
Which branchial cleft develops into the external auditory meatus? 1st cleft
Which branchial pouch develops into : Middle ear cavity, eusthachian tube, mastoid air cells 1st pouch
Which branchial pouch develops into : Epithelial lining of palatine tonsils 2nd pouch
Which branchial pouch develops into : Inferior parathyroids 3rd pouch (dorsal wings)
Which branchial pouch develops into : Thymus 3rd pouch (ventral wings)
Which branchial pouch develops into : Superior parathyroid 4th pouch (dorsal wings)
Dx : Thymic aplasia and hypocalcemia Di-George syndrome
Malleus, incus and stapes develops from which branchial arch? Malleus and incus = 1st arch Stapes = 2nd arch
Which CN innervate tensor tympani? CN V3
Which CN innervate Stapedieus CN VII
Which CN is responsible for a) sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue? b) taste to the anterior 2/3 of tongue? a) CN V3 b) CN VII
Which CN is responsible for a) sensation to the posterior 1/3 of tonue? b) taste to the posterior 1/3 of tongue? Mainly via CN IX, extreme posterior via CN X
Which CN is responsible for motor innervation of tongue? CN XII
Dx : Mass in midline neck, move with swallowing Thyroglossal duct cyst
Created by: lemontea88
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