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Apologia Human Body
Module 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gross anatomy | The study of the macroscopic structures of an organism |
| Microscopic anatomy | The study of the microscopic structures of an organism |
| Physiology | The study of the functions of an organism and its parts |
| Histology | The study of tissues |
| Organ | A group of tissues specialized for a particular function |
| Tissues | Groups of cells specialized for a particular function |
| Homeostasis | A state of equilibrium in the body with respect to its functions, chemical levels, and tissues |
| Effector | A structure in the body that can change the value of a variable |
| Selective permeability | The ability to let certain materials in or out while restricting others |
| Endocytosis | The process by which large molecules are taken into the cell |
| Exocytosis | Transportation of material from inside the cell to outside the cell |
| Anatomy | Concentrates on the structure of an organism |
| Physiology | Studies how an organism and its parts function |
| An organism is organized as follows: | Organism, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, and molecules |
| four types of tissue | nervous tissue, muscle tissue, connetive tissue, and epithelial tissue |
| Epithelial tissue | Makes up the lining of many organs |
| Muscle tissue | Muscles are made of this |
| Connective tissue | Cartilage is an example of this |
| Nervous tissue | The brain, spinal cord, etc. are made of this |
| Negative feedback system | This produces the effects that are the opposite of the stress |
| Positive feedback system | This produces effects that are the same as that of the stress |
| Nucleus | Contains DNA |
| Plasma membrane | Holds the cell together and controls entry and exit of substances |
| Ribosomes | Synthesize proteins |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Intercellular transport and synthesis of proteins |
| Golgi apparatus | Packages chemicals for secretion |
| Secretory vesicle | Secretion |
| Lysosome | Breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids |
| Mitochondria | Produce energy for the cell |
| Cilia | Tiny "hairs", move things |
| Centrioles | Spindle formation for mitosis and meiosis |
| Three | There are this many nucleotides in a codon |
| An anticodon must bind to a ____________ | Codon |
| Steps in mytosis: | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| "X" shape | This shape occurs only when the chromosomes have been duplicated and the duplicates have not been separated from each other. |
| Prophase and metaphase | When the chromosomes have been duplicated and the duplicates have not been separated from each other |
| Anaphase and telophase | When the chromosomes have been separated from their duplicates |
| What keeps phospholipids oriented properly? | The fact that they have a polar head and a nonpolar tail. Even if disturbed, they will reorganize themselves so that the heads are pointed either into the cell or towards the outside, and the tails are pointed towards each other. |
| A glycoprotein allows for this | Identification |
| A receptor protein does this | Takes in messages from other cells |
| Phospholipids | The "fluid" is the fatty part of the membrane and is composed of this |
| Mosaic | This refers to the fact that there are several different proteins scattered throughout |
| Channel protein | Water is small enough to enter through this |
| Pinocytosis | A protein can only enter through this |
| Charged channel proteins | Ions are small enough to go enter through channel proteins, but they use these |
| Phagocytosis | An invading bacterium must be engulfed using these |
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