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MDA - Blankenship
MDA final
| Drug | Class | MOA | Uses | Side Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spironolactone | Diuretics (K sparing) | competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist | XXX | hyperkalemia (cardiac arrhythmias); endocrine side effects (steroid effects) |
| Eplerenone | Diuretics (K sparing) | competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist | XXX | hyperkalemia (cardiac arrhythmias) |
| Triamterene | Diuretics (K sparing) | blocks aldosterone induced Na channels on lumen side of collecting duct | XXX | hyperkalemia (cardiac arrhythmias) |
| Amiloride | Diuretics (K sparing) | blocks aldosterone induced Na channels on lumen side of collecting duct | XXX | hyperkalemia (cardiac arrhythmias) |
| Acetazolamide (Diamox) | Diuretics (Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) | inhibits CA | Glaucoma (decreases Aqueous humor formation), Acute elevation sickness (reduces CSF synthesis); Alkalinize urine (excretion of weak acids) | metabolic acidosis, renal stones (Ca and PO4 less soluble); K loss |
| Quinidine (Class IA antiarrhythmics) | Antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker- Moderate) | blocks voltage gates Na channels | arrhythmias | prolongs Q-T interval (can produce torsade de pointe); proarrhythmogenic; cinchonism (nausea, headaches, dizziness, tinnitus) |
| lidocaine (Class IB antiarrhythmics) | Antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker- Weak) | blocks voltage gates Na channels | IV - ventricular arrhythmias (tachycardia/fibrillation); post MI (controversially) | Least cardiotoxic (little benefit); CNS toxicity - tremors, paresthesias, nausea, lightheadedness, slurred speech, convulsions |
| Flecainide (Class IC antiarrhythmics) | Antiarrhythmic (Na channel blocker- Strong) | blocks voltage gates Na channels | IV - ventricular arrhythmias; last resort for ventricular tachycardia | CNS toxicity - tremors, paresthesias, nausea, lightheadedness, slurred speech, convulsions |
| Propranolol (class II antiarrhythmics) | Antiarrhythmic (Beta Blocker) | Beta Blocker also blocks Na channels (at high doses) | Supraventricular tachycardia; ventricular tachycardia | XXX |
| Amiodarone (class III antiarrhythmics) | Antiarrhythmic (K channel Blocker) | Blocks K channels, Na channel blocker, weak beta blocker, weak alpha blocker, weak Ca channel blocker | Supraventricular arrhythmias; ventricular arrhythmia | bradycardia; exacerbate CHF ; torsades de pointe; pulmonary fibrosis; deposits on cornea; photodermatitis; neurological (numbness, tremors, ataxia, headaches); hyper/o thyroidism; constipation |
| Sotalol (class III antiarrhythmics) | Antiarrhythmic (K channel Blocker) | Blocks K channels; nonselective beta blocker | XXX | Beta blocking side effects |
| Verapamil (Class IV antiarrhythmics) | Antiarrhythmic (Ca channel Blocker) | Ca channel Blocker - shorten the plateau phase of action potential (phase 2 - non nodal); slow conduction velocity (phase 0) and prolong refractory period (Nodal tissue) | Supraventricular tachycardia | XXX |
| Adenosine (unclassified antiarrhythmics) | Antiarrhythmic (A1 receptor agonist) | A1 receptor agonist; activate K channels and inhibit CA channels | DOC of supraventricualr tachycardia | Bronchoconstriction, vasodilator, flushed appearance, chest pains (burning), strong SOB, flash of a headache, AV block (desired) |
| Verapamil | Calcium Channel Blocker | Binds the Phenylalkylamine site on L-type Calcium channel | Drug of choice for supraventricular tachycardia | Multi-drug resistance, Ankle edema, Hypotension, Headache, Flushing Appearance, Cardiac Depression, Constipation, MI, cancer; Contraindicated in CHF |
| Nifedipine | Calcium Channel Blocker | Binds the Dihydropyridine site on L-type Calcium channel | Angina | Ankle edema, Hypotension, Headache, Flushing Appearance, Cardiac Depression, Constipation, MI, cancer |
| Diltiazem | Calcium Channel Blocker | Binds the Benzothiapine site on L-type Calcium channel | Angina, HTN | Ankle edema, Hypotension, Headache, Flushing Appearance, Cardiac Depression, Constipation, MI, cancer |
| Captopril | ACE-Inhibitor (Class I) | Inhibit Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme from converting Angiotension I to Angiotension II, and allows Bradykinin effects to occur | HTN, CHF, Diabetic nephropathy | Neutropenia/proteinuria/agranulocytosis, Anaphylactoid/angioedema, renal impairment/failure, First-dose hyptension, hyperkalemia, dry cough/whezzing, Dysgeusia, Teratogenic |
| Enalapril | ACE-Inhibitor (Class II) | Inhibit Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme from converting Angiotension I to Angiotension II, and allows Bradykinin effects to occur | HTN, CHF, Diabetic nephropathy | Neutropenia/proteinuria/agranulocytosis, Anaphylactoid/angioedema, renal impairment/failure, First-dose hyptension, hyperkalemia, dry cough/whezzing, Dysgeusia, Teratogenic |
| Lisinopril | ACE-Inhibitor (Class III) | Inhibit Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme from converting Angiotension I to Angiotension II, and allows Bradykinin effects to occur | HTN, CHF, Diabetic nephropathy | Neutropenia/proteinuria/agranulocytosis, Anaphylactoid/angioedema, renal impairment/failure, First-dose hypotension, hyperkalemia, dry cough/whezzing, Dysgeusia, Teratogenic |
| Losartan (-sartans) | Angiotension Receptor Blockers | Block Angiotension II (type 1) receptors | HTN, CHF (not work very well) | Renal impairment/failure, First-dose hypotension, hyperkalemia, Dysgeusia, Teratogenic |
| Nitroglycerin | Organic Nitrate | Converted to Nitric Oxide | Acute attack of angina | XXX |
| Isosorbide Dinitrate | Organic Nitrate | Metabolized to isosorbide-5-mononitrate (Ismo), which will give rise to NO | Acute attack of angina | Orthostatic Hypotension, flushing appearance, tachycardia/palpitations, throbbing headaches, methemoglobinemia, tolerance |
| Digoxin | Digitalis Glycoside | Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase | CHF, Anti-arrhythmias (paroxysmal supraventricular tachicardia) | Arrhythmias, anorexia, N/V, Headaches, confusion, disorientation, seizures, visual distrubances |
| Inamrinone | Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | Inhibits Phosphodiesterase (Type III) | CHF | N/V, Cramps, thrombocytopenia, increased hepatotoxicity, hypotension |
| Dobutamine | Selective Beta-1 Agonist | Stimulates cardiac contractility | CHF | XXX |
| Dopamine | Beta-1 Agonist | Converted to epinephrine/norepinephrine | CHF (shock associated with CHF) | XXX |
| Mannitol | Diuretics (Osmotic) | freely filtered in the glomerulus, not reabsorption, not metabolized - retains water in the lumen | maintain urine flow (kidney damage/removal of poison); decrease pressure/volume CSF; decrease intraocular pressure | do not use with heart conditions b/c increase vascular volume thus increasing workload |
| Furoseminde (Lasix) | Diuretics (Loop diuretics) | inhibits Na-K-2Cl symporter in the ascending loop of henle | pulmonary edema (major use); edema (CHF); hypertension (thiazide is 1st choice); hypocalcaemia) | hypovolemia; chronic dilutional hyponatriemia; hypokalemia; alkalosis; hypomagnesaemia, syncope, hyperuricemia (Ethacrynuc acid - ototoxicity) |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Diuretics (Thiazide) | inhibit Na/Cl cotransporter in early distal tubule on lumen side | Hypertension, mobilize edema fluid (mild cases of CHF - loop is better) | hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia - interacts with NSAIDs and Li |
Created by:
clamattina
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