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Fungi and friends
Micro: Fungi, protazoa, helminths
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cave spelunking, causes pneumonia | Histoplasmosis |
Broad based buds | Blastomycosis |
Captain wheel formation fungus | Paracoccidiodomycosis |
Spherule w/ endospores (no yeast form) | Coccidiodomycosis |
Skin and bone dissemination of fungus | Blastomycosis |
Intracellular fungal growth (inside macrophages) | Histoplasmosis |
Dimorphic fungal forms in cold? in heat? | cold = mold heat = yeast (except coccidiodomyc->spherule) |
San Joaquin valley, SW united states | coccidiodomycosis |
Latin America fungus | Paracoccidiodomycosis |
Cutaneous fungal infxn, "spaghetti n meatballs" on KOH prep | Tinea versacolor (caused by Malassezia furfur) |
What 3 fungi cause tinea pedis/cruris/corporis/captis? | Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton MOLD FORMS ONLY...don't form yeast! |
V shaped septate hyphae | Aspergillus (A<-->V) |
Narrow based unequal budding | Cryptococcus neoformans |
Pseudohyphae + Germ tubes of Candida are at what temps? | Pseudohyphae= 20C Germ Tubes= 37C (body temp) |
L shaped hyphae | Mucor/Rhizopus species |
Allergic bronchopulmonary reactions after inhalation of what fungus? | Aspergillus |
Candida Tx | nystatin topically Amphotericin B systemically |
Fungal dz commonly found in diebatic ketoacidosis and leukemics | Mucro/Rhizopus (Mucormycosis-->L shaped hyphae) |
Indian Ink/Latex agglutination used for? | Cryptococcus |
Soap bubble lesion in brain | cryptococcus |
Pneumocystic jirovecii causes what kind of pneumonia (PCP) | diffuse interstitial pneumonia, bilateral on CXR |
ascending lymphangitis w/ ulcer at site of entry | Sporothrix (rose gardeners dz) |
Stain for PCP | methenamine silver stain |
Tx for PCP | TMP-SMX (even though this is a fungal infxn), pentamidine, dapsone |
bloating, flatulence, foul smelling diarrhea (esp in hikers/campers) | Giardia lamblia |
Giardia mode of transmission (MOT) | cyst in water |
foul smelling green discharge from Vagina | Trichomonas |
Dilated cardiomyopathy is due to which protozoan | Trypanosoma cruzi |
MOT of Trypanosoma cruzi | Reduviid bug (kissing bug) |
Tsetse fly transmits what protozoan | Trypnosoma gambiense/rhodesiense (African sleeping sickness) |
pancytopenia, splenomegaly, enlarged LNs. what is the dz and causative protozoan? | kala azar due to Leishmania donovani (sandfly transmission) |
Most severe type of malaria? | P falciparum (cerebral malaria) |
Which type of malaria infects liver causing relapsing fever | P vivax, P ovale |
Drug for RBC malarial infection? Drug for Liver infection? | RBC= Chloroquine Liver= Primaquine (will get rid of relapsing fevers) |
Anal pruritis (scotch tape test) | Enterobius vermicularis |
visible eggs in feces | Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworms) |
undercooked pork-->muscle inflammation | Trichenella spiralis |
LARVAE penetrate feet, infxn in intestines, cause anemia | Ancylostoma, Necator (hookworms) |
Treatment for Ancylostoma/Necator | Mebendazole (treat bendy worms with meBENDazole) |
River blindness w/ lizard skin | Onchocerca volvulus |
Worm crawling in conjunctiva | Loa Loa |
Elephantiasis | Wuchereria bancrofti |
Tinea soleum (pork): difference between larvae ingestion and egg ingestion | Larvae= intestinal tapeworms Egg= cysticercosis + neurocysticercosis (swiss cheese appearance of brain, seizures) |
B12 deficiency caused by which helminth? | Diphyllobothrium (undercooked freshwater fish) leads to anemia |
Necator/Ancylostoma larvae enter skin at what location | feet |
Echinococcus mode of transmissionn | eggs in dog feces |
Hydatid cyst in liver caused by? | Echinococcus |
What happens in hydatid cyst ruptures in liver? | anaphylactic shock |
Ixodes tick transmits which protozoan | Babesia |
Maltese cross in RBC | Babesia (Ixodes tick) |
Sever diarrhea in AIDS | cryptosporidium (Acid fast stain) [different from cryptococcus!!!<--thats a fungus) |
Brain abscess in HIV | Toxoplasmosis |
Ring enhancing brain lesions in new borns | Toxoplasmosis (TOrches) |
Dystenery, liver abscess, RUQ pain RBCs inside of trophozoite | Entameba histolytica (Amebiasis) |
Cyst w/ 4 nuclei | Entameba histolytica |
Swimmer in lake acquires fatal meningoencephalitis | Naegleria fowleri (enter through nose, enter CSF) |