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Aerosol Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of Hypoxia is caused by low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)? | Hypoxic Hypoxia |
| What type of Hypoxia is caused by inadequate carrying capacity? | Anemic Hypoxia |
| What type of Hypoxia is caused by the inability to metabolize oxygen? | Histotoxic Hypoxia |
| What type of Hypoxia is caused by inadequate blood flow? | Circulatory Hypoxia |
| What is an aerosol? | A suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas |
| What is a humidity deficit? | A condition in which the available humidity is less than the potential humidity |
| What is absolute humidity? | Actual mass or content of water in a measure volume of air |
| What is relative humidity? | Ratio of actual water vapor present in a gas to the capacity of the gas to hold vapor at a given temperature |
| What is a humidifier? | Device that adds molecular water to a gas |
| What is humidity? | The amount of water vapor in a system expressed as weight/volume |
| What is BTPS? | Body Temperature, Ambient Pressure, Saturated |
| What is the ISB? | Isothermic Boundary: the point at which inspired gas reaches BTPS; normally located 5 cm below the carina |
| What is Brownian Diffusion? | Random molecular collisions cause some particles to contact and be deposited |
| What is Interial Impaction? | Medication impacts and deposits on the airway walls |
| What is Refractory Hypoxemia? | Oxygen levels do not respond to oxygen therapy |
| What are the Heliox factors? | 80.20 (1.8), 70/30 (1.6), 60/40 (1.4) |
| What is the formula for Heliox calculations? | Factor x Flow Meter Setting = Actual Flow |
| What is the tank factor for an H(or K) tank? | 3.14 |
| What is the tank factor for a G tank? | 2.41 |
| What is the tank factor for an E tank? | 0.28 |
| What is the formula for calculating tank duration? | psig x factor/ flow (lpm) = # of min left in tank |
| What is the primary function of the upper respiratory tract? | Warm, filter, and humidify inspired air |
| What are the hazards of breathing anhydrous (dry) gas? | Retained secretions, mucus plugging, and airway irritation |
| How much water per day do our lungs contribute to saturate inspired gas? | 250 mL/day |
| What is the normal water vapor content in the lungs? | 44 mg/L |
| What is the normal water vapor pressure in the lungs? | 47 mmHg |
| What are the indications of humidity therapy? | Supply humidity to dry gas, bypassed upper airway (ETT/Trach), upper airway edema, bronchial hygiene, sputum induction |
| What are the hazards associated with humidity therapy? | Wheezing or bronchospasm, swelling of inspissated secretions, infection, overhydration, airway burns, caregiver exposure, electric shock |
| List the LOX (Liquid O2) calculations | - One liter LOX = 860 liters of gaseous O2 - One liter of LOX weighs 2.5 lbs - One pound of LOX = 344 liters of gaseous O2 |
| What are the indications for warming inspired gas? | Bypassed upper airway (ETT/Trach) |
| What are the indications for cool bland aerosol? | Croup, epiglottitis, post extubation stridor |
| What are the factors affecting humidifier efficiency? | Temperature, Surface Area, Contact time, Flow |
| What are the three main types of humidifier? | HME, Bubble, Passover |
| How does a passover humidifier work? | Directs gas over the surface of a volume of water |
| How does a bubble humidifier work? | Gas flows down into a reservoir of water through a hollow tube with diffusing element at the bottom; diffuser breaks down gas flow into tiny bubble, which float to the surface and create humidity by way of evaporation |
| How does an HME humidifier work? | "Artificial Dose"- captures exhaled heat and moisture, which is the applied to the subsequent inspiration |
| What type of humidifier is most suitable for a nasal cannula and what liter flow is humidity required? | Bubble humidifier for >4 LPM |
| What are the indications for aerosol therapy? | To deliver medication, promote bronchial hygiene, sputum inducement, humidify dry gas |
| What are the hazards associated with aerosol therapy? | Adverse reaction to medication (primary), infection, airway reactivity/bronchospasm, systemic side effects |
| What is the primary method of deposition for particles <3 um? | Brownian Diffusion |
| What is the primary method of deposition for particles >5 um? | Intertial Impaction |
| What is the ideal particle size for low airway deposition? | 2-5 um |
| What is the ideal particle size for alveolar deposition? | 1-3 um |
| Which bronchodilators are delivered via aerosol? | All except Xanthines |
| Which bronchodilators are NOT delivered via aerosol? | Xanthines |
| What are the two main types of nebulizers? | Jet and Ultrasonic |
| How does a standard SVN work? | Pressurized gas source delivers a jet stream of air down a narrow tube and through a narrow opening to a baffle |
| How does an SVN with aerosol collection bag work? | Bag reservoirs hold the aerosol generated during exhalation and allow the small particles to remain in suspension for next breath |
| How does a breath actuated SVN work? | Generates aerosol only on inspiration |
| How does a breath enhanced SVN work? | Generate aerosol continuously, using a system of vents and one-way valve to minimize aerosol waste |
| How does a GIN nebulizer work? | Provider high output aerosol therapy with a wide range of inspired oxygen concentrations |
| How does a USN nebulizer work? | Uses a piezoelectric crystal to generate aerosol |
| What is the most common hazard associated with inhaled corticosteroids | Thrush |
| What medication is delivered by a SPAG? | Ribivirin (Virazole) |
| What is the brand name for Dornase Alfa? | Pulmozyme |
| What is the brand name for Cromolyn Sodium? | Intal |
| What is the brand name for Budesonide? | Pulmicort |
| What is the ideal body position and breathing pattern for an SVN? | Seated upright; normal breathing with occasion deep breath and breath hold |
| What is the ideal body position and breathing pattern for an MDI? | Upright; exhale completely and activate MDI at the start of inspiration, take a full deep breath and hold for 10 sec |
| What is the ideal body position and breathing pattern for a DPI? | Upright; exhale completely, form a tight seal around DPI and take a strong, deep breath, hold for 10 sec. Move DPI away from mouth before exhalation |
| What is the purpose of the breath hold during a breathing treatment? | Improve medication deposition |
| What aerosol delivery devices are used with nebulizers? | Aerosol mask, face tent, T-piece adapter, trach collar or mask |
| What is the purpose of priming an MDI? | Ensures correct dose of medication is delivered |
| What is the purpose of a spacer? | Improve medication delivery |
| How does an MDI work? | Each activation (squeeze) dispenses a set dose of medication for the patient to inhale |
| How does a DPI work? | Creates an aerosol when the patient's inspiratory effort draws air through the device, thereby lifting the powdered medication from the drug reservoir, blister pack, or capsule |
| What are the advantages of a DPI? | Small and portable, built-in dose counter, propellant-free, breath-actuated, short preparation, and administration time |
| What is the most common dosage of an MDI? | 100-200 ug/ actuation |
| What are the brand names of the DPIs? | Aerosolizer, HandiHaler, Turbuhaler, Twisthaler, Diskus |
| How do you clean and disinfect an SVN? | Disassemble and wash in warm soapy water, soak in a 1:3 vinegar mix for 1 hr, rinse with sterile water, air dry |
Created by:
ashconrad417
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