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pharm fin
pharm final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the signs and symptoms of Opioid drug withdrawal? | Signs of Withdrawal - drug seeking, mydriasis, diaphoresis, rhinorrheaSymptoms - intense desire for drugs, muscle cramps, arthralgia, anxiety |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Stimulant drug withdrawal? | Signs of withdrawal include: social withdrawal, psychomotor retardation, hypersomniaSymptoms - depression, suicidal thoughts and behavior, paranoid delusions |
| What is the drug used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines? | Flumazenil (romazicon) is used to reverse the effects of these drugs? |
| What are the major effects of chronic ethanol ingestion? | 1. nutritional and vitamin deficiencies (especially B vitamins)2. Wernicke's Encephalopathy3. Korsakoffs psychosis |
| What is Wernicke's Encephalopathy? | This occurs with chronic abuse of Ethanol, and is when someone mixes up their words and is also characterized by drowsiness and ataxia |
| What is Korsakoffs psychosis? | This is associated with chronic alcohol abuse and is characterized by amnesia and where someone makes up stories. |
| What are the two drugs most often used with ethanol withdrawal? | Typically diazepam (valium) and Lorazepam (ativan) are used in these situations. |
| What is Disulfiram (Antabuse) used for? | This drug is used to help with Ethanol treatment. It causes severe nausea and vomiting if alcohol is taken with it. -when taking pt must be mindful of OTC drugs that have alcohol in them. |
| What is Bupropion (Zyban) used for? | This drug is used to aid in smoking cessation.-it is nicotine free |
| What is somatic pain? | This is pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments, or joints.-superficial-sharp |
| What is Visceral pain? | this is pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles-dull-deep |
| What is Central pain? | this is pain that usually occurs with tumors, trauma or inflammation of the brain and my accompany any condition that causes CNS damage, such as cancer, diabetes, stroke or MS |
| What are opioid analgesic contraindications? | You would want to avoid giving these drugs with patience that 1. have severe asthma or other respiratory insufficiency or 2. have a respiratory rate less than 10. |
| What are some opioid analgesic adverse effects? | Adverse effects of these drugs include-Euphoria-CNS depression-Respiratory depression-urinary retention-constipation |
| When is naloxone (narcan) used? | This drug is used for complete or partial reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression.-often used in emergency settings |
| What is the maximum daily dose for an adult taking Acetaminophen? | The maximum dose for this drug is 4000 mg per day for a healthy adult. |
| When giving Opioid Analgesics a common nursing dx is? | a common nursing dx for pt's receiving opioids is a risk for falls-pt should be instructed to change positions slowly to prevent possible orthostatic hypotension |
| When giving opioid's what is the first priority for the nurse to monitor? | When giving these drugs it is important for the nurse to monitor the patients respiratoy rate.-reespiratory depression may be manifested by respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths/min, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds and/or shallow breathing |
| What are Anticoagulants? | These drugs have no direct effect on a blood clot that is already formed-used prophylactically to prevent clot formation |
| What are some common Adverse Effects of Anticoagulants? | These drugs increase bleeding and the risk of excessive bleeding |
| When giving Heparin which lab values must you monitor? | This drug is monitored by activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs) |
| What drug is used to reverse the effects of Heparin? | This drug's effects are reversed with Protamine sulfate |
| What are some advantages of enoxaparin (Lovenox)? | This drug is more predictable than heparin and does not require frequent laboratory monitoring |
| When giving Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin) which lab values must you monitor? | This drug is monitored by prothrombin time (PT) and INR |
| What can be given if toxicity occurs when giving a patient Warfarin (Coumadin)? | Vitamin K is given if there are any signs of toxicity with this drug |
| What are Antifibrinolytic drugs? | This group of drugs prevent the lysis of fibrin and PROMOTES the formation of clots. -used for prevention and treatment of excessive bleeding sometimes following surgical complications. |
| What are thrombolytic drugs? | This group of drugs break down, or lyse preformed clots. |
| What are some common Adverse Effects of NSAIDs? | these drugs mainly cause gastrointestinal adverse effects and include-GI bleeding-epigastric distress |
| Which drug can be used to reduce the dangerous adverse effects of NSAIDs? | Misoprostol (cytotec) is often used to reduce the Adverse effects of these drugs |
| What are signs of Salicylate toxicity? | Signs of this in the adult would include tinnitus and hearing loss.Signs of this in children would include hyperventilation and CNS effects |
| What are some contraindications for NSAIDs | because these drugs cause major gastrointestinal adverse effects these should never be given to someone with GI lesions or peptic ulcer disease or someone that may have a bleeding disorder |
| What is hematopoiesis? | This is the formation of new blood cells |
| What are some foods that enhance iron absorption and foods that impair absorption of iron | This is absorbed better when taken with orange juice and the absorption is impaired when taken with Dairy products |
| These to supplements are given when someone is anemic | Iron and Folic acid are given to patients experiencing this |
| What are some therapeutic responses to monitor for with patients taking Iron and Folic acid supplements? | Pt's taking these will experience an improved nutritional status, increased weight and an absence of fatigue |
| Pt's taking liquid iron preparations may experience which adverse effects, and what should they do to prevent this? | Often taking a this supplement as a liquid will result in staining of the tooth enamel and should avoid this by taking the supplement through a straw.Also, Pt's may experience esophageal corrosion and should prevent this by remaining upright for 30 mins |
| When are barbiturates used? | These are used as 1. hypnotics2. sedatives3. anticonvulsants4. anesthesia for surgical procedures |
| An overdose of Barbiturates will have what kind of effect? | an overdose of these drugs frequently leads to respiratory depression and CNS depression. |
| What are Benzodiazepines? | These drugs are most frequently prescribed as sedative-hypnotics-depress CNS activity-do not suppress REM sleep as much as barbiturates |
| What is Flurazepam (dalmane)? | This is a benzodiazepine that is a long acting sedative-hypnotic |
| What is temazepam (restoril)? | This is a benzodiazepine that is a short acting sedative-hypnotic |
| What is the most important thing to monitor for when giving benzodiazepines? | the most important thing to monitor for when giving these drugs, is the risk for falls and the "hangover effect" , especially in the elderly. |
| Name some common muscle relaxants | Common drugs in this drug class include -baclofen (lioresal)-cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)-metaxalone (skelaxin) |
| what is kyskinesia | This is the term meaning a difficulty performing voluntary movements-occurs when too much dopamine is present |
| What is Levodopa therapy and how is it effective where dopamine is not | This is a precursor of dopamine and works because it can cross the blood brain barrier where dopamine by itself is not able to |
| What effect does carbidopa have on levodopa? | This prevents levodopa breakdown in the periphery and ensures more levodopa crosses the blood brain barrier, where it can be converted to dopamine |
| Levodopa can cause some visual adverse effects what are these? | this drug may darken the patients urine and sweat |
| What are some common benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs? | This drug class include the following drugs -diazepam (valium)-lorazepam (ativan)-alprazolam (xanax)-midazolam (versed) |
| What is the benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug Midazolam (versed) used for? | This drug is used to reduce anxiety and patients memory of painful procedures that do not require general anesthesia-injection only |
| What is the drug of choice used for the treatment of mania | Lithium is the drug of choice for this condition |
| What are some serious signs of serotonin syndrome? | signs of this syndrome would include:-hyperthermia-seizures-dysrhythmias-rhabdomyolysis |
| How do SSRIs work? | These inhibit serotonin reuptake and result in increased serotonin concentrations at nerve endings and are used as an antidepressant |
| Why are tricyclic antidepressants considered dangerous | These antidepressants are dangerous because they are very lethal and an overdose usual leads to death |
| What is a hypertensive crisis that is associated with MAOI antidepressants? | These drugs combined with the ingestion of foods and/or drinks with the amino acid tyramine lead to hypertensive crisis, which may lead to cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, coma, or death. |
| What are the foods that contain tyramine, which should be avoided to prevent a hypertensive crisis with patients receiving MAOI antidepressants | foods that contain this amino acid include some cheeses, smoked meats, red wines, and italian beans |
| What will happen when you combine the use of MAOIs and SSRIs | when taking this combination of antidepressants it may result in serotonin syndrome-if the switch occurs the patient must wait 2 - 5 weeks for the "wash-out" period. |
| What are extrapyramidal symptoms associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs | these adverse affects associated with antipsychotic drugs include:-involuntary muscle symptoms similar to PD-akathisia (muscle restlessness)-acute dystonia (painful muscle spasms) |
| what are the anterior pituitary drugs | These drugs act on this part of the pituitary -corticotropin -somatrem -somatotropin -octreotide |
| What are the posterior pituitary drugs? | which part of the pituitary do these drugs act on -vasopressin -desmopressin |
| What is corticotropin? | This drug is a Pituitary drug that stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex -used in the treatment of Multiple sclerosis |
| What is Somatropin and Somatrem | These pituitary drugs stimulate growth hormone and are used to increase skeletal growth with patient deficient in growth hormone, such as those with dwarfism |
| What is Octreotide (sandostatin)? | This pituitary drug is used in the treatment of tumors |
| What is vasopressin and desmopressin? | these pituitary drugs are used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus, also used in the treatment of GI bleeding |
Created by:
morganyoyo
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