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A&P CH 1
anatomy & physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| append- | to hang something: appendicular- pertaining to the upper and lower limbs |
| cerebr- | brain |
| cran- | helmet, cranial-pertaining to the part of the skull the surrounds the brain |
| homeo- | same- homeostasis, maintenance of a stable internal environment |
| -logy | study of |
| meta- | change ; metabolism: chemical changes in the body |
| orb- | circle; orbital |
| pariet- | wall: parietal membrane: membrane that lines the wall of a cavity |
| peri- | around: pericardium. membrane around the heart |
| pleur- | rib: pleural membrane- membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage |
| -stasis | standing still: homeostasis; maintenance of a stable environment |
| super- | above: superior; referring to a body part located above another |
| -tomy | cutting: anatomy ; study of structure, which often involves cutting or removing body parts |
| anatomy | greek for "cutting up" human body |
| physiology | how the body functions "relationship to nature" |
| planum temporale | enables people to locate sounds in space |
| atoms | composed of subatomic particles |
| molecules | atoms joined together |
| macromolecules | small molecules combined |
| cell | basic unit of structure and function |
| organelles | carry on specific activities, composed of assemblies of large molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| tissue | group of cells functioning together |
| organs | groups of tissues form organs that are complex structures that have specialized functions |
| organism | interacting organ systems |
| axial portion | includes the head neck and trunk: cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic cavity |
| appendicular portion | includes the upper and lower limbs |
| viscera upper | thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity |
| mediastinum | region between the lungs, contains heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus (divides the thorax into left and right halves) |
| viscera lower | stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and the small and large intestines. |
| aging | refers to the changes in the body that occur with the passage of time, slows down wound healing, cells are less efficient in at extracting energy from nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged cell parts. slow metabolism |
| superior | means a part is above another part. ( the thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity) |
| inferior | means a part is below under (neck inferior to the head) |
| posterior | (dorsal) means toward the back (pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity) |
| medial | refers to an imaginary midline dividing the body into equal left and right halves. a part is medial if it is closer to the midline than another part. |
| lateral | means toward the side. away from the midline. |
| Bilateral | refers to paired structures, one on each side. |
| Charascteristics of life | Movement, Responsiveness, Growth, Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion |
| Maintenance of Life | Heat, Pressure, Water, Oxygen, Food |
| Homeostasis | Maintenance of an INTERNAL environment |
| organ system | organs working together to provide specialized functions |
| Integumentary system | Includes : Hair, skin, nails Function: cover the body, senses changes and regulates temperature. |
| Skeletal System | Includes: bone, ligaments Function: support, protect, provides framework, stores inorganic salts, and houses blood forming tissue. |
| Muscular System | Includes: Muscle Function: provides body movement, composed posture, and source of body heat. |
| Nervous System | Includes: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs function: uses sensory receptors to receive signals and sends motor impulses to muscles and glands. |
| Endocrine System | Includes: glands that secrete hormones Function: integrates metabolic functions |
| Cardiovascular System | Includes: Heart, and blood vessels. Function: distributes O2 and nutrients throughout the body while removing wastes. |
| Lymphtic System | Includes: Lumphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen Function: Drain excess tissue fluid and houses immune cells. |
| Digestive system | Includes: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs. Funtions: Receives, digests and abdorbs nutrients. |
| Respiratory Sysytem | Includes; ungs, and passageways Function: exchanges gases between blood and the air |
| Urinary System | Includes: Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Funtcion; Removes waste from the blood and helps maintain water and electrolyte balance. |
| Sagittal | devides the body into right and left portions |
| Transverse | divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
| Coronal/ frontal | divides the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| ipsilateral | structures on the same side. right lung right kidney |
| contralateral | opposite sides. left lung right kidney |
| proximal | a part closer to the point of attachment to the trunk than another part. |
| Distal | part is farther from a point of attachment than another part. |
| superficial | near the surface |
| deep | more internal parts |
| epigastric | upper middle portion |
| right and left hypochondriac | right and left upper portion |
| umbilical | central portion |
| right and left lateral (lumbar) | right and left of umbilical |
| pubic | lower middle portion |
| right and left inguinal (iliac) | right and left of pubic |
Created by:
heathersutton87
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