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Chapter 1 Intro to Nursing Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Concept? | an idea or complex mental image or abstractor of a phenomenon. |
| What are the 2 kinds of Concepts? | 1) Abstract Concept and 2) Concrete Concept |
| What is Abstract Concept? | they are dependent of time or place and are indirectly observable. |
| What is Concrete Concept? | specific to time and place and are observable characteristics. |
| What is a Phenomena? | are theoretical statements that specify the proposed relationship of the concepts of a theory; proposition statements of a theory w/c asserts what is proposed to be true and testable in the form of hypothesis. |
| What is Paradigm? | a term used to denote the prevailing schema or approaches specific to the model. |
| What is Hypothesis? | is a testable relationship statement, a shrewd guess or interface. |
| What is Assumption? | is a statement that specifies the relationship or connection of factual concepts or phenomena. |
| What is theory? | is an organized system of accepted knowledge that is composed of concepts, propositions, definitions and assumptions intended to explain a set of facts, event or phenomenon. |
| What is nursing? | is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or human health problems. |
| What is Nursing Theory? | is a group of interrelates concepts that are developed from various studies & disciplines & related experiences. |
| What are the four-levels of theories or the different types of theories? | 1) descriptive theory/ factor-isolating theory 2) explanatory theory/ factor-relating theory 3) predictive theory/ situation-relating theory 4) prescriptive theory/ situation-producing theory |
| What is descriptive/ factor-isolating theory? | the type of theory that identify & describe major concepts of phenomena however they do not explain the relationship of the concept. Main purpose is to present a phenomena base on the 5 senses together with their corresponding meanings. |
| What is explanatory/ factor-relating theory? | the type of theory that present relationships among concepts and propostitions; explains the relationship of the theory. |
| What is predictive/ situation-relating theory? | a theory that are achieved when the realtionships of concepts under a certain condition are able to describe future outcomes consistently; the kind of theory that is generated and tested using experimental research. |
| What is prescriptive/ situation-producing theory? | a theory that deals with nursing actions and test the validity and certainty of a specific nursing interventions. This kind of theory is commonly used in testing new nursing interventions. |
| What are the characteristics of a Theory? | can correlate concepts, must be logical, simpled but broad, source of hypothesis that can be tested, contribute in enriching the knowledge through studies, can be used by practitioners to direct/enhance practice, must be consistent but will leave open |
| What is Philosophy? | it is the study of general & fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, truth, beauty, law, justice, validity, mind & language. |
| What are the branches of Philosophy? | Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Political Philosophy, Aesthetics, Logic, Philosophy of Mind & Philosophy of Language. |
| What is Metaphysics? | a branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of being and the world. |
| What is Epistemology? | a branch of philosophy that is concerned w/ the nature & scope of knowledge & whether knowledge is possible among its central concerns, the relationship between belief & justification. |
| What is Ethics? | a branch of philosophy that is also a moral philosophy. Concerned with questions of how persons ought to act or if such questions are answerable. |
| What is Political Philosophy? | a branch of philosophy that is the study of govt & the relationship of individuals & communities to the state. Includes questions about justice, rights, law & obligations of citizens. |
| What is Aesthetics? | a branch of philosophy that deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values, perception & matters of state & sentiment. |
| What is Logic? | a branch of philosophy that deals with the patterns of thinking that lead from true premises to true conclusions, originally developed in ancient greece. |
| What is Philosophy of Mind? | a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mind & its relationship to the body & is typified by disputes between dualism & materialism. |
| What is Philosophy of Language? | a branch of philosophy that is the reasoned inquiry into the nature, origins & usage of language. |
| What is a Study of Philosophy? | the study deepens their understanding of themselves & society as well as widen their perspectives on the beliefs & values of others. |
| What is Phenomenon? | it is any observable occurrence or any extraordinary event. |
| What is Scientific Method? | are bodies of techniques for investigating phenomena acquiring new knowledge, or correcting & integrating previous knowledge. To be termed specific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical & measurable evidence subject to spec |
| What are the 2 Models/Frameworks? | 1) Theoretical Models/Framework 2) Conceptual Models/Framework |
| What is Theoretical Model/framework? | 1)models that are highly established set of concepts that are testable 2) it is a structure of concepts/theories w/c are pulled together as a map for the study. |
| What is Conceptual Model/framework? | 1) models that are bodies of knowledge based on the own understanding/perception of a person or researcher on a certain topic of phenomena or theory 2) it is a structure of concepts w/c exist or tested in the literature, a ready made map for the study. |
| What is Science? | 1) from latin word "scintia" meaning "knowledge" 2) refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method 3) organized body of knowledge gained through research |
| What are the 5 steps in Scientific Method? | 1) Observation 2) Gathering information data 3) Forming Hypothesis 4) Experimental investigation 5) Conclusion/theoretical explanation |
| What is Observation? | a step in scientific method that is the integration of knowledge &/or phenomenon by a rational/sentient being. |
| What is Gathering Information Data? | a step in scientific method that is the recognition & collecting data for a particular scientific problem or inquiry. |
| What is Forming Hypothesis? | a step in scientific method that attempts to explain or suggest a nature of a phenomena. |
| What is Experimental Investigation? | a step in scientific method that is a set of examinations done to solve the particular query raised through the hypothesis process. |
| What is Conclusion/Theoretical Explanation? | a step in scientific method that is a statement explaining a set of natural phenomena or a scientific query derived from experimental investigation. |
| What is Knowledge? | an information, skills & expertise acquired by a person through various life experiences, or through informal/formal learning such as formal education, self-study vocational. |
| What are the 5 cognitive processes in acquiring knowledge? | 1) Perception 2) Association 3) Learning 4) Reasoning 5) Communication |
| What is Perception? | a process in acquiring knowledge that is achieving understanding of sensory data |
| What is Association? | a process in acquiring knowledge by combining 2 or more concepts/ideas to form a new concept or for comparison. |
| What is Learning? | a process in acquiring knowledge by the experience skills, information and values acquired. |
| What is Reasoning? | a process in acquiring knowledge by mental process of seeking conclusions through reason. |
| What is Communication? | a process in acquiring knowledge by transferring date from sender to receiver using different mediums or tools of communication. |
| What are the Sources of Knowledge? | 1) Traditional knowledge 2) Authoritative knowledge 3) Scientific knowledge |
| What is Traditional knowledge? | is a knowledge source from a nursing practice which is passed down from generation to generation. |
| What is Authoritative knowledge? | a knowledge source that is from an idea by a person of authority w/c is perceived as true because of his/her expertise. |
| What is Scientific knowledge? | a knowledge source which came from a scientific method through research. New ideas are fed & measured using objective criteria. |
| What are the advantages of the Traditional/Authoritative knowledge? | Advantage: these knowledge sources are practical to implement |
| What are the DISadvantages of the Traditional/Authoritative knowledge? | Disadvantages: 1) based on subjective data 2) limited use in a variety of practice setting 3) in nursing practice -scientific knowledge through evidence - based practice & research serves as each main focus. |
| What are the advantages of the Scientific knowledge? | Advantages: 1) scientific & accurate, 2) theories it creates are less subjective than knowledge gained by other methods |
| What is the DISadvantage of gaining knowledge by Scientific? | Disadvantagees: 1) requires time & effort to produce credible results. |
| What are the 2 kinds of Conceptual framework or models or paradigms? | 1) Verbal Models 2) Schematic Models |
| What is Verbal Model? | a kind of conceptual framework/model/paradigm that is a worded statement, a form closely related to knowledge development. |
| What is Schematic Model? | a kind of conceptual framework/model or paradigm that explain an idea using symbols or physical visualization (like diagrams, drawings, pictures, graphs) that facilitates understanding. Example: General Systems Theory |
Created by:
mikay
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