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Stack #25413

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Hur påverkas (oförändrat, ökar, minskar) följande parametrar vid nedsatt njurfunktion under lång tid: a) pH i blodet b) Bikarbonatutsöndringen i urinen c) Hemoglobinkoncentrationen i blodet d) Urea-koncentrationen i blodet a) pH i blodet Svar: Minskar b) Bikarbonatutsöndringen i urinen Svar: Ökar c) Hemoglobinkoncentrationen i blodet Svar: Minskar d) Urea-koncentrationen i blodet Svar: Ökar
14. Renin frisätts från juxtaglomerulära celler i afferenta och efferenta arteriolerna. a) På vilket sätt bidrar det till ökade nivåer av Angiotensin II och Aldosteron? (1p) Renin katalyserar bildningen av angiotensin I från angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I klyvs sedan av angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) till Angiotensin II. Ang II stim frisättningen av aldosteron av från binjurebarken.
b) Nämn två fysiologiska stimuli för reninfrisättning! (1p) Sänkt perfusionstryck i njurcirkulationen, Ökad aktivitet i sympatiska nerverna till njuren, Minskad mängd NaCl i distala tubuli – känns av i macula densa
I proximala tubulus är Na/K -pumpen frekvent förekommande i cellernas basolateralmembran. En upphörd aktivitet i dessa skulle bl a påverka utsöndringen av aminosyror i urinen. Varför? (2p) Upphör aktiviteten i Na/K-pumpen kommer natrium inte att reabsorberas och därmed inte heller aminosyrorna som kommer passera ut i sekundärurinen i större utsträckning.
Ange var antidiuretiskt hormon (ADH) bildas, frisätts och utövar sin effekt. (2p) Bildas i hypothalamus (n. supraopticus samt n. paraventricularis), frisätts från neurhypofysen
Created by: Malekian
 

 



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