Clause that gives legislative powers to the Congress in order to carry out its enumerated powers
Necessary and Proper (or elastic)
Joint planning and decision making among all levels of government; the state has a greater reliance on federally-funded programs such as Medicare and MedicaidJ
Creative Federalism
Clause that has been used by Congress to justify much of its civil rights legislation
Commerce
Type of federalism in which the federal government is more intrusive in the domain of state governments; the federal and state levels of government share areas of public policy; responsibilities are mingled between the levels of government
Cooperative Federalism
A constitutional theory that the national government and the state governments each have defined areas of authority especially over commerce Theory
Dual Federalism
The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system
Fiscal Federalism
The transfer of responsibility from the national to the state government with certain restrictions if a state does not meet the criteria of a specific requirement; associated with Nixon and Reagan
New or Competitive Federalism
The national government imposes requirements on states and localities, for example, environmental and civil rights requirements
Regulatory Federalism
Clause that specifies that the United States Constitution and the laws and treaties made under it will predominate if there is a conflict with state laws
Supremacy
Obligation imposed on the state without any compensatory funding provided
Biology Lab Midterm
