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Medical Terminology
AHL120: Chapters 9-11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anorchism | XY disorder of sex development in which individuals have both testes absent at birth. |
| Angina | Chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia. |
| Astrocytes | Star-shaped glial cell of the central nervous system. Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries. |
| Aura | Peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset (prodromal) of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure. |
| Balanitis | Inflammation of the glans penis. |
| Benign Prostatic Hypertension (BPH) | Enlarged prostate gland. Growth of cells within the prostate gland. |
| Bilateral Orchiectomy | The removal of both testicles |
| Cardiomyopathy | Disease condition of heart muscle. |
| Cause of Essential Hypertension | High blood pressure that doesn't have a known secondary cause. |
| Cerebellum | Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance. |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) | Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain. |
| Common Cause of Nongonococcal Urethritis | Is an infection of the urethra caused by pathogens (germs) other than gonorrhea. |
| Cryogenic Surgery | Technique for prostate cancer treatment using freezing temperatures to destroy cancer cells. |
| Cryptorchism | Undescended testicles. |
| Cyanosis | A bluish discoloration of the skin indicates diminished oxygen content of the blood. |
| Dementia | Mental decline and deterioration. |
| Diastole | Relaxation phase of the heartbeat. |
| Dysesthesia | An unpleasant, abnormal sense of touch. |
| Embolus | Clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel. |
| Embryonal Carcinoma | A germ cell tumor characterized by primitive epithelial cells with marked pleomorphism and various histologic patterns |
| Fibrillation | Rapid, random, ineffectual and irregular contractions of the heart. |
| Gyri | Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex. |
| Hypothalamus | Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; Controls sleep, appetite,body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland. |
| Indentify (list) Serum Enzyes | Alkaline Phosphatase. Amylase. Aspartate Aminotransferase. Creatine Kinase. Pancreatic Lipase. Certain tissue cells contain characteristic enzymes which enter the blood only when the cells to which they are confined are damaged or destroyed. |
| Interstitial Cells of the Testes | Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig Cells. |
| Intrathecal | Pertaining to within the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
| Ischemia | Blood flow is decreased or stopped entirely. |
| Mitral Valve | Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve |
| Orchiopexy | A surgical procedure to correct cryptorchidism (testicle) |
| Parenchymal | Essential distinctive cells of an organ. |
| Parenchymal Tissue in the Testes | The seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal. |
| Paresthesia | Tingling, burning pins and needles sensation. Happens without warning |
| Pericardium | Double layered membrane surrounding the heart. |
| Phlebitis | Inflammation of the walls of a vein. |
| Phlebotomy | The surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood or introduce a fluid |
| Pneumoencephalogram | X ray of the brain made by replacing spinal fluid with a gas (usually oxygen) to improve contrast |
| Prepuce | Foreskin; Fold of skin covering the tip of the penis. |
| Purulent | 'Pus Filled" Discharge from the male urethra. |
| Seminoma | Malignant tumor of the testis. |
| Sinoatrial Node | Pacemaker. Small body of specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. |
| Syphilis | Chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium) |
| Systole | Contraction phase of the heartbeat. |
| Testis (Plural: Testes) | Male gonads that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone. |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | Congenital heart condition involving four abnormalities occurring together |
| Varicocele | Enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle. |
| Vas Deferens | Narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens. |
| Vasectomy | Bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens. Used to sterilize a male and kills all sperm cells |
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