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Pharmacology Test 2
Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| initiates the cycle and lasts 5-7 days | Phase 1 (Menstrual Phase) |
| a mature ovum develops from an ovarian follicle, rising estrogen and LH secretion from the pituitary gland, and ends on about the 14th day | Phase 2 (Follicular Phase) |
| release of unfertilized ovum, occurs over 24-48 hours starting at about day 14, estrogen and LH levels also peak at this time | Phase 3 (Ovulation Phase) |
| corpus luteum forms from ruptured ovarian follicle: if not fertilized progesterone levels increase and initiate menstruation: corpus luteum degenerates and menstrual cycle begins on or about day 28 | Phase 4 (Luteal Phase:Secretory Phase) |
| estrogen and progestin | female sex steroid hormones |
| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH) | pituitary gonadotropin hormones |
| the 3 major endogenous estrogens | estradiol (principle and most active), estrone, and estriol |
| estrogens are synthesized from | cholesterol in ovarian follicles |
| estrogens are required for | the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system, and the development of secondary female sex characteristics |
| used to prevent reproductive problems such as miscarriage, premature delivery, intrauterine fetal death, and toxemia: significant complications of the reproductive system in both male and female offspring | diethylstilbestrol (DES) |
| Fixed estrogen/progestin combination products: Reduce complications, such as endometrial hyperplasia, that occur from using estrogen alone | continuous-combined hormone replacement therapy (CCHRT) |
| most serious adverse effect of estrogens | thrombolytic events |
| most common adverse effect of estrogens | nausea |
| medroxyprogesterone (Provera), hydroxyprogesterone,megestrol (Megace) | synthetic derivatives of Progesterone: progestins |
| treat functional uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance, fibroids, or uterine cancer: also used to treat primary and secondary amenorrhea | progestins |
| adjunct therapy for treatment of breast and endometrial cancers: used for management of anorexia, cachexia, or unexplained weight loss in AIDS patients: used to stimulate apetite and weight gain in patients with cancer: used with estrogen replacement ther | progestins |
| medications used to prevent pregnancy | contraceptives |
| antibiotics, barbiturates, isoniazid, rifampin, and griseofulvin, anticonvulsants, beta-blockers, hypoglycemic drugs, oral anticoagulants, theophylline, TCAs, vitamins, hypnotics | reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptive drugs |
| disease the primarily effects women (23 million): only 20% of men: low bone mass: increased risk of fractures | osteoporosis |
| drug therapy used for osteoporosis | calcium supplements and vitamin d: biphosphnates, selective estrogen receptor modifier (SERM), hormones (calcitonin, teriparatide) |
| work by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, thus preventing bone loss: also used for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and Paget's disease | biphosphonates |
| stimulate estrogen receptors on bone and increase bone density | SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modifier) |
| directly inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption | calcitonin |
| only drug that stimulates bone formation: derivative of parathyroid hormone: action similar to natural parathyroid hormone | teriparatide |
| prevents post menopausal osteoporosis | Raloxifene (Evista) |
| nonsteroidal ovulation stimulant: blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus and brain, resulting in a false signal of low estrogen levels: causes increased production of Gn-RH, FSH, & LH: maturation of ovarian follicles is stimulated, leading to ovulation | Clomiphene (Clomid) |
| standardized mixture of FSH & LH, stimulates development of ovarian follicles, leading to ovulation: may also be given to men to stimulate spermatogenesis | Mentropins (Pergonal) |
| recombinant form of human chorionic gonadotropin: causes rupture and ovulation of mature ovarian follicle, & maintenance of corpus luteum: used to stimulate ovulation | chorionic gonadotropin alfa (Ovidrel) |
| medications used to alter uterine contractions: used to promote labor, prevent the start or progression of labor, used during postpartum to reduce the risk of hemorrhage | uterine-active medications |
| increase force and frequency of uterine contractions: used after the delivery of infant & placenta to prevent postpartum uterine atony & hemorrhage: | ergot alkaloids: methylergonovine (Methergine) |
| natural hormones: cause potent contraction of myometrium, smooth muscle fibers of the uterus: used to induce labor by softening the cervix & enhancing uterine muscle tone | prostaglandins: Dinoprostone (Prostin E2) & misoprostol (Cytotec) |
| stimulates uterine contractions to induce abortion: given with a prostaglandin drug for elective abortions | progesterone antagonist: mifepristone (Mifeprex), RU-486 (abortion pill) |
| used to induce labor at or near full term gestation, & to enhance labor when contractions are weak and ineffective: prevent or control postpartum uterine bleeding: complete an incomplete abortion: promote milk ejection during lactation | oxytocin (Pitocin) |
| used to stop labor that begins before term to prevent premature birth: used after the 20th week of gestation | uterine relaxants: tocolytics |
| beta-adrenergic drugs: stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptorson the uterine smooth muscle: results in relaxation of the uterus, thus stopping premature contractions: "off-label use" | ritodrine (Yutopar), terbutaline (Brethine), Magnesium Sulfate IV used to stop labor |
| uterine RELAXANTS are used when premature labor occurs between the | 20th and 37th week of gestation |
| before giving any uterine STIMULANTS, assess the | mother's vital signs and fetal heart rate |
| For ___________, ensure that the patient has no esophageal abnormalities and can remain upright or sitting for 30 minutes after the dose. | biphosphonates |
| this medication will need to be discontinued 72 hours before and during any prolonged immobility such as surgery or a long trip | SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modifier) |
| responsible for normal development & maintenance of primary & secondary male sex characteristics: development of bone & muscle tissue: inhibition of protein catabolism: retention of various electrolytes | testosterone (androgens) |
| block the effects of endogenous androgens: used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), results in alleviation of symptoms of BPH: also used for treatment of male-pattern baldness | finasteride & dutasteride (5-alpha-reductase inhibitors) (androgen inhibitors) |
| used for symptomatic relief of obstruction due to BPH | doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax), & terazosin (Hytrin) (alpha-1 adrenergic blockers) |
| block the activity of androgen hormones at the target tissue (prostate) receptors | Flutamide, Nilutamide, Bicalutamide (androgen receptor blockers) |
| used to treat prostate cancer | Goserelin, Leuprolide, triptorelin (Gn-RH Analogs: gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs) |
| sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), tadalafil (Cialis) | drugs to treat erectile dysfunction |
| Androgens can cause ______ ______. | fluid retention |
| these can cause a loss of libido, erection, and ED | 5-alpha-reducatase inhibitors |
| Transdermal TESTOderm patches should be applied | to the scrotal skin |
| Transdermal ANDROderm patches should be applied | to the skin on the body; never the scrotal skin |
Created by:
jennk4
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