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Chem 110-Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Barometer | A device used to measure atmospheric pressure. |
| Boiling | A form of evaporation where conversion from the liquid state to the vapor state occurs within the body of the liquid through bubble formation. |
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the external atmospheric pressure exerted on the liquid. |
| Boyle's Law | The volume of a fixed amount of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to the gas if the temperature is kept constant. (P1/P2)=(V2/V1) |
| Change of State | A process in which a substance is changed from one physical state to another physical state. |
| Charles' Law | The volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant. ***Always use Kelvin (add 273 to C) (T1/T2)=(V1/V2) |
| Combined Gas Law | A measure of the change in volume in a sample of matter resulting from a pressure change. (P1V1/T1)=(P2V2/T2) |
| Compressibility | A measure of the change in volume in a sample of matter resulting from a pressure change. |
| Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure | The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases present. (Ptotal)=P1+P2+P3+... |
| Dipole-Dipole Interaction | An intermolecular force that occurs between polar molecules. (Attraction between polar molecules) |
| Electrostatic Interaction | An attraction or repulsion that occurs between charged particles. |
| Endothermic Change of State | A change of state in which heat energy is absorbed. |
| Equilibrium | A condition in which two opposite processes take place at the same rate. |
| Evaporation | The process in which molecules escape from the liquid phase to the gas phase. |
| Exothermic Change of State | A change of state in which heat energy is given off. |
| Gas | The physical state characterized by an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume; the physical state characterized by a complete dominance of kinetic energy (disruptive forces) over potential energy (cohesive forces). |
| Gas Law | A generalization that describes in mathematical terms the relationships among the amount, pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas. (P1V1/T1)=(P2V2/T2) P2=(P1V1/T1)(T2/V2) V2=(P1V1/T1)(T2/P2) T2=(T1/P1V1)(P2V2) |
| Hydrogen Bond | An extra strong dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small, very electronegative element (F,O, or N) and a lone pair of electrons on another small, very electronegative element (F,O, or N). |
| Ideal Gas Law | A general mathematical expression relating pressure, temperature, volume, and amounth for a gas. (pV=nRT) or (pV/nT)=R R=ideal gas CONSTANT -0.0821 L.atm/mol.k |
| Intermolecular Force | An attractive force that acts between a molecule and another molecule. |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy that matter possesses because of particle motion. |
| Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter (KMT) | A set of five statements that are esed to explain the physical behavior of the three states of matter (solids, liquids, and gases). |
| Liquid | The physical state characterized by an indefinite shape and a definite volume; the physical state characterized by potential energy (cohesive forces) and kinetic energy (disruptive forces) of about the same magnitude. |
| London Force | A weak temporary intermolecular force that occurs. |
| Normal Boiling Point | The temperature at which liquid boils when under a pressure of 760 mm Hg. |
| Partial Pressure | The pressure that a gas in a mixture of gases would exert if it were present alone under the same conditions. |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy that matter possesses as a result of its position, condition, and/or chemical composition. |
| Pressure | The force applied per unit area on an object; the force on a surface divided by the area of that surface. |
| Solid | The physical state characterized by a definite shape and a definite volume; the physical state characterized by a dominance of potential energy (cohesive forces) over kinetic energy (disruptive forces). |
| Thermal Expansion | A measure of the change in volume of a sample of matter resulting from a temperature change. |
| Vapor | A gas that exists at a temperature and pressure at which it would ordinarily be thought of as a liquid or a solid. |
| Vapor Pressure | The pressure exerted by a vapor above a liquid when the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium with each other. |
| Volatile Substance | A substance that readily evaporates at room temperature because of a high vapor pressure. |
| Four Important Gas Variables | 1. n=number of moles ->n=mass/MM 2. T=temperature; must be in KELVIN ->K=C+273 3. V=volume, usually measured in Liters ->1000 mL= 1 L 4. P=pressure=force/area ->1 atm=760 mm Hg= 760 tor |
| Directly Proportional | If the value of one variable increases, the value of the other variable also increases. (A1/A2)=(B1/B2) |
| Inversely Proportional | If the value of one variable increases, the value of the other variable decreases. (A1/A2)=(B2/B1) |
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maevans31
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