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Unit 1B Exam

Earth's Interior Systems

QuestionAnswer
What are the 5 elements used to define minerals? 1. Solid at room temperature. 2. Naturally occurring. 3. Crystal Structure. 4. Defined chemical composition. 5. Inorganic
What are the properties of minerals? Luster, streak, hardness, cleavage/fracture
How could you use a hammer to help identify a mineral? Use the hammer to break the mineral to test for cleavage or fracture.
How could you use a penny or a pocketknife to help identify a mineral? Use it to scratch the mineral to test the hardness.
How could you use a tile to help identify a mineral? Rub the mineral across the tile to see the minerals streak.
How could you use a hand lens to help identify a mineral? Use it to help you view the minerals luster and its crystal structure.
How are minerals formed? 1. Crystalization, 2. Evaporation from solution. 3. Cooling of magma/lava
What is conduction? Heat transfer that occurs when two objects are touching each other. For example, a metal spoon left in a hot pan.
What is convection? Heat transfer that occurs by the movement of fluid. For example, the cyclical movement of magma in the mantle.
What is radiation? The transfer of heat by waves through the air. For example, the sun heats the surface of the Earth that is facing the light.
What is subduction? Subduction occurs when an oceanic plate slides underneath another plate and gets shoved back down towards the mantle.
What is formed at a subduction zone? 1. Volcanoes 2. Deep ocean trenches.
What is formed when two plates are converging? 1. Mountains if they meet head on. 2. Volcanoes/deep ocean trenches if one subducts below the other.
What is formed when two plates are diverging? 1. Mid Ocean Ridge 2. Rift Valley
What can occur when two plates slide past each other? 1. Earthquake 2. Fault line
How can scientists triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake? They use data from three different seismograph locations
What data do scientists use when triangulating the epicenter of an earthquake? The difference in arrival times of P and S waves.
What does the difference in arrival times of the P and S waves tell scientists? The distance to the epicenter.
How are rocks and minerals related? Rocks are made of minerals.
What is the age difference in the crust of the seafloor. Crust is younger near the mid ocean ridge and gets older moving away from that ridge.
What does the age difference of the seafloor crust tell scientists? The tectonic plates are always moving.
What causes the tectonic plates to move? Convection currents in the mantle.
Describe the process of the convection current in the mantle. Hot soft rock rises to the top of the mantle where it cools and then begins to sink back down to the bottom
What happens immediately before a volcano erupts? Expanding gases push magma up through the pipe of the volcano.
What is an extinct volcano? A volcano that has not been active for millions of years and probably will never be active again.
What is a dormant volcano? A volcano that has not been active for many years but could become active again.
What causes an explosive eruption? A high silica content in the magma.
What causes a quiet eruption? A low silica content in the magma
What was the FOSSIL evidence that South America and Africa were once joined? Mesosaurus was found on both continents.
How are metamorphic rocks formed? Rocks are changed under high heat and pressure
How are igneous rocks formed? Cooling of magma or lava.
How are sedimentary rocks formed? When sediments and other small fragments get pressed together and cemented into a solid rock.
How is sediment formed? By the weathering and erosion of rocks on the surface of the Earth.
Name three places where volcanoes are likely to form 1. At convergent boundaries in a subduction zone. 2. At divergent doundaries where plates are pulled apart 3. At hotspots within a plate
Created by: scanto
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