EKG

Question	Answer
SA node rate	60-100
AV node rate	40-60
Purkinje fiber/BB rate	20-40
6 second strip method works with	irregular rhythms
large box method works with	regular rhythms
small box method works with	regular rhythms
The Q wave is the first + or - deflection after the P wave	negative
The R wave is the + or - deflection after the Q wave	positive
The S wave is the + of - deflection after the R wave	negative
Normal QRS duration	0.04-0.10 seconds (1.5-3 small boxes)
If QRS duration is greater than 0.12 seconds this means problem with	conduction w/i the ventricles
Normal PR interval is	0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 small boxes)
QT interval varies with	HR
Automaticity is the ability to	depolarize w/o external stimulation
Altered automaticity depression of sponateous discharge cycle is caused by	caused by increased parasympathetic stimulation, hypothermia, hypokalemia
Abnormal automaticity due to non-pacemaker myocardial tissue begins to spontaneously depolarize & stimulate surrounding tissue causing "premature beats" or "irritability" is caused by	injury & ischemia, stretching of the myocardium (i.e. volume overload), hypoxia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesium
Conductivity is the	ability to trasmit an electrical impulse/stimulus to adjoining cells
Altered conductivity refers to the interruptions or blocks of normal conduction caused by	chronic fibrotic changes w/ aging, valvular disease, acute ischemia
Re-entry is when a single impulse depolarizing the same tissue more than once this can cause rapid HR & premature beats this is caused by	conduction can occur antegrade (forward) or retograde (backwards) & all tissues will not repolarize @ the sametime
Decreased HR results in	decreased CO
Increased HR results in	decreased CO
Premature Beats results in	decreased SV
Loss of AV synchrony results in	loss atrial kick/contribution to SV(30% of SV)
S&S of decreased CO	SOB,CP, syncope, dizziness, pallor, hypotension, diaphoresis, nausea, decreased UOP, anxiety,
Sinus Rhythm	60-100, regular rhythm, p wave looks normal & alike, PR interval normal & consistent, QRS normal & consistent, ST & T waves normal
Sinus Arrhythmia	rate 60-100 rate accelerates & slows with respirations, irregular rhythm, P waves normal & alike, PR interval normal & consistent, QRS normal & consistent, ST & T waves normal causes due to variable response to vagus nerve, & due to slower HR
Sinus Tachycardia	Rate 100-150, regular rhythm, P wave normal & alike, QRS normal & consistent, ST & T wave normal unless HR fast enough to cause P to fuse w/ T wave causing distortion
S&S possible seen w/ sinus tachycardia	palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, increase in workload, increase O2 demand, pay close attention to MI may result in CP, dysrhythmias, HF
Causes of Sinus Tachycardia	increase metabolic demand(i.e. fever, exercise, pain), fright, fear, anxiety, drugs, attempts to compensate for decreased BF (i.e. shock, CHF, hemorrhage)
Sinus Bradycardia	Rate less than 60, rhythm regular, P wave alike & consistent, PR interval normal, QRS normal ST & T wave normal
Causes of Sinus Bradycardia	normal in young adults or vigorous athletes w/ strong parasympathetic tone, severe brady < 30 can compromise CO
Severe Sinus Bradycardia (<30)S&S	hypotension, syncope, dizziness, angina, formation of ectopic impulses
Intraventricular Conduction defect	Rate is regular, regular rhythm, P waves alike & consitent, PR interval normal, QRS duration > 0.12, ST & T wave normal
Sinus Pause

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