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Antibiotics/ B

Antibiotics, dosage

Name of the ABGroup of antibioticCoverageAdult doseChildren dose
Oxacillin Penicillinase (β-lactamase) Resistant PCNs Exclusively effective against Gram+ cocci, in particular staphylococci 1-2 g q4h iv 50-100 mg/kg/d q4-6h iv
Nafcillin Penicillinase (β-lactamase) Resistant PCNs Exclusively effective against Gram+ cocci, in particular staphylococci 1-2 g q4h iv 50-100 mg/kg/d q4-6h iv
Dicloxacillin Penicillinase (β-lactamase) Resistant PCNs Exclusively effective against Gram+ cocci, in particular staphylococci 125–500 mg q6h po 12.5-25 mg/kg/d q6h po
PCN G PCNs Effective against strep 1–4 mU q4–6h iv 25,000-400-000 U/kg/d q4-6h iv
PCN V PCNs Effective against strep 250–500 mg q6–12h po 20-40 mg/kg/d q8h po
Amoxi PCNs Effective against strep; Effective against staph if with clavulanate; also active against neisseria, enterococci, and listeria 250-500 mg q8h po 40 mg/kg/d bid/tid po
Amoxi/clav PCNs Effective against strep, staph ER: 2 g bid po ES-600: 90 mg/kg/d bid po
Ampi PCNs Effective against strep; Effective against staph if with sulbactam; also active against neisseria, enterococci, listeria and somehow E-coli 0.5–2.0 g q4–6h iv 100–200 mg/kg/d q6h iv
Ampi/sulbactam PCNs Effective against strep, staph 1.5–3.0 g q6h iv 100–200 mg/kg/d q6h iv
Cephalexin First generation cephalosporines Coverage like PCNase resistant Abs + Moraxella and E-Coli 250–500 mg q6h po 25–50 mg/kg/d tid / qid po
Cefadroxil First generation cephalosporines Coverage like PCNase resistant Abs + Moraxella and E-Coli 0.5–1 g q12h po 30 mg/kg/d bid po
Cefazolin First generation cephalosporines Coverage like PCNase resistant Abs + Moraxella and E-Coli 1–2 g q8h iv 50–150 mg/kg/d tid iv
Cefprozil Second generation cephalosporines Coverage like 1st generation + more G- : such as providencia, haemophilus, klebsiella, citrobacter, morganella, and proteus 250-500 mg q12-24h po 30 mg/kg/d bid po
Cefuroxime Second generation cephalosporines Coverage like 1st generation + more G- : such as providencia, haemophilus, klebsiella, citrobacter, morganella, and proteus 125–500 mg q12h po /// 0.75–1.5 g q6–8h iv 20–30 mg/kg/d bid po /// 75–150 mg/kg/d q8h iv
Cefoxitin Second generation cephalosporines Coverage like 1st generation + more G- : such as providencia, haemophilus, klebsiella, citrobacter, morganella, and proteus 1-2 g q4-8h iv 75–150 mg/kg/d q6-8h iv
Erythromycin Macrolids Alternatives to PCNs and cephalosporins for Gram+ infections (when allergic), also H. Pylori, Toxo, Mycoplasma; not good for serious staph infections 250-500 mg q6h po 40 mg/kg/d q6-8h po
Azithromycin Macrolids Alternatives to PCNs and cephalosporins for Gram+ infections (when allergic), also H. Pylori, Toxo, Mycoplasma; not good for serious staph infections 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg od X4d po /// 500 mg od iv 10 mg/kg/day on day 1, then 5 od X4d po /// iv N/A
Clarithromycin Macrolids Alternatives to PCNs and cephalosporins for Gram+ infections (when allergic), also H. Pylori, Toxo, Mycoplasma; not good for serious staph infections 250–500 mg q12h po 15 mg/kg/d bid po
Levofloxacin fluoroquinolones, Respiratory Alternatives to PCNs and cephalosporins for Gram+ infections. Excellent for strep, in particular S pneumonia 250–750 mg od iv or po N/A
Moxifloxacin fluoroquinolones, Respiratory Alternatives to PCNs and cephalosporins for Gram+ infections. Excellent for strep, in particular S pneumonia 400 mg od iv or po N/A
Clindamycin Lincosamides Alternatives to PCNs and cephalosporins for Gram+ infections. Excellent for strep, in particular S pneumonia 150–450 mg q6h po /// 600-900 mg q6-8h iv 8–20 mg/kg/d q6-8h po /// 20–40 mg/kg/d q6-8h iv
Vancomycin Vancomycin Alternatives to PCNs and cephalosporins for Gram+ infections (when allergic) and serious staph infection; also for C. difficile enteropathy 125-500 mg q6h po /// 500 mg q6h iv 40 mg/kg/d q6-8h po and iv
Linezolid & Others Alternatives to PCNs and cephalosporins for Gram+ infections (when allergic) and serious staph infection; the only oral medication agains MRSA 600 mg q12h iv 30 mg/kg/d q8h iv
Piperacillin PCNs with G- bacilli and rods coverage Active against the full range of Gram- bacilli, such as the Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia, and klebsiella) as well as Pseudomonas 3 g q4-6h iv 200 mg/kg/d q4-6h iv
Piperacillin/tazo PCNs with G- bacilli and rods coverage Active against the full range of Gram- bacilli, such as the Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia, and klebsiella) as well as Pseudomonas; Also Staph 3.375 g q4-6h iv 240 mg/kg/d q8h iv
Ticarcillin PCNs with G- bacilli and rods coverage Active against the full range of Gram- bacilli, such as the Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia, and klebsiella) as well as Pseudomonas 3 g q4-6h iv 200 mg/kg/d q4-6h iv
Ticarcillin/clav PCNs with G- bacilli and rods coverage Active against the full range of Gram- bacilli, such as the Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia, and klebsiella) as well as Pseudomonas; Also Staph 3.1 g q4-6h iv 200 mg/kg/d q4-6h iv
Ceftazidime Third Generation cephalosporines All G- organisms; also pseudomonas 1-2 g q8-12h iv 75–150 mg/kg/d q8h iv
cefotaxime Third Generation cephalosporines All G- organisms 1-2 g q4-12h iv 75-250 mg/kg/d q4-6h iv
ceftriaxone Third Generation cephalosporines All G- organisms 1-2 g od iv 50 mg/kg/d od/bid iv
cefepime Fourth Generation cephalosporines All G- organisms; also pseudomonas 1-2 g q8-12h iv 100-150 mg/kg/d q8-12h iv
Ciprofloxacin fluoroquinolones Cover Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia, and klebsiella) and pseudomonas as well as:Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Legionella 500-750 mg q12h po /// 200-400 mg q8-12h iv 20-30 mg/kg/d q12h po or iv
Levofloxacin & fluoroquinolones Cover Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia, and klebsiella) as well as:Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Legionella 250–750 mg od iv or po N/A
Moxifloxacin & fluoroquinolones Cover Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia, and klebsiella) as well as:Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Legionella 400 mg od iv or po N/A
Ofloxacin fluoroquinolones Cover Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Proteus, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, serratia, and klebsiella) as well as:Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Legionella 200–400 mg q12h po /// 400 mg q12h iv N/A
Gentamicin Aminoglycosides G- organisms 5-7 mg/kg qd or 1.7 mg/kg q8h iv 3–7.5 mg/kg/d q8h iv
Tobramycin Aminoglycosides G- organisms Same as gentamicin iv Same as gentamicin iv
Amikacin Aminoglycosides G- organisms 15 mg/kg qd or 7.5 mg/kg q12h iv 10–15 mg/kg/d q12h iv
Aztreonam Monobactams G- organisms; no staph or strep coverage 1-2 g q6-12h iv 100-150 mg/kg/d q6-8h iv
imipenem Carbapenems Full broad spectrum G- and G+ coverage; also effective against anaerobs 0.5-1.0 g q6h iv 4 wk to 3 m/o: 100 mg/kg/d q6h > 3 m/o: 60-100 mg/kg/d q6h iv
meropenem Carbapenems Full broad spectrum G- and G+ coverage; also effective against anaerobs 1 g q8h iv 60-120 mg/kg/d q8h iv
ertapenem Carbapenems Full broad spectrum G- and G+ coverage; also effective against anaerobs; not covers pseudomonas 1 gq24h iv N/A iv
Metronidazole Others Choice for anearobs 30 mg/kg/d q6h iv 30 mg/kg/d q6h iv
Created by: Bijan39
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