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Female Repro
Goljan's Female repro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the pathological findings of the placenta in preeclampsia. | a. Premature aging of the placenta b. Multiple placental infarctions c. Atherosclerosis in spiral arteries |
| Gestational : Hypertension, proteinuria, edema | Preeclampsia / eclampsia |
| Gestational : Snowstorm appearance | Complete hydatidiform mole |
| Gestational : Uterus too large for gestational age | Complete hydatidiform mole |
| Gestational : State the difference between the chromosome in complete mole and partial mole. | Complete mole = 46XX (2 chromosome from 2 sperm) Partial mole = 69XXY (2 sperm chromosome + 1 ovum chromosome) |
| Gestational : What causes preeclampsia in the 1st trimester? | Complete hydatidiform mole |
| Vulva : Bartholin gland abscess most often caused by? | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Vulva : Thinning of epidermis + Parchment-like appearance of skin | Lichen sclerosis |
| Vulva : White plaque-like lesion | Lichen simplex chronicus |
| Vulva : Benign tumor of apocrine sweat gland | Papillary hidradenoma |
| Vulva : Red, crusted vulvar lesion + intraepithelial adenocarcinoma (spreads along epithelium) | Extra mammary Paget's disease |
| Genital infection : Pruritic vaginitis + white discharge + fiery red mucosa | Candida albicans |
| Genital infections : Newborn with conjunctivitis + pneumonia | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Genital infections : Malodorous vaginal discharge + clue cells | Gardnerella vaginalis |
| Genital infections : Recurrent vesicles that ulcerate + scrapings show multinucleated cells with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions | HSV-2 |
| Genital infections : Frothy discharge + flagellated protozoa | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Vagina : Anatomical cause of primary amenorrhea | Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (absence of upper vagina and uterus) |
| Vagina : Cyst on lateral wall of vagina | Gartner's duct cyst (remnant of wolffian duct) |
| Vagina : Little girls + necrotic, grape-like mass protrudes from vagina | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma |
| Vagina : Tumor associated with intrauterine exposure to diethystilbestrol | Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina |
| Vagina : What pathogen cause follicular cervicitis? | Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Interpretation of pap smear : A) Superficial squamous cells indicate? B) Intermediate squamous cells indicate? C) Parabasal cells indicate? | A) adequate estrogen B) adequate progesterone C) lack of estrogen and progesterone |
| Hormone : Endometrial cells with subnuclear vacuoles are signs of? | Ovulation |
| Hormone : Excess of hair in normal hair-bearing areas + male secondary sex characteristics | Virilization |
| List the main causes of abnormal bleeding from vagina in prepubertal females. | 1) Vulvovaginitis 2) Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma |
| List the main causes of abnormal bleeding from vagina in female from menarche to 20 years old. | 1) Anovulatory DUB 2) von Willebrand's disease |
| List the main causes of abnormal bleeding from vagina in female from 20 to 40 years old. | 1) Complications of pregnancy 2) Ovulatory DUB 3) PID, hypothyroidism, submucosal leiomyomas, adenomyosis, endometrial polyp, endometriosis |
| List the main causes of abnormal bleeding from vagina in female 40 years or older. | 1) Anovulatory DUB (MCC in perimenopausal period) 2) Endometrial hyperplasia/cancer |
| Uterine : Common pathogen for endometritis. | Group B streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) |
| Uterine : Plasma cells in the endometrium. Dx? What are the causes? | Chronic endometritis Causes : -Retained placenta -Gonorrhea, intrauterine device (Actinomyces israeli) |
| Uterine : Dx : diffuse enlargement of uterus | Adenomyosis |
| Uterine : Endometrial adenocarcinoma + Malignant mesenchymal tumor = ? | Malignant mixed mullerian tumors (carcinosarcoma) |
| Fallopian tube : Cystic mullerian remnants, most often located around fimbriated end | Hydatids of Morgagni |
| Fallopian tube : Common pathogens of PID? | 1) Neisseria gonorrhea 2) Chlamydia trachomatis 3) Bacteroides fragilis, streptococci, Clostridium perfringens |
| Fallopian tube : Invagination of mucosa into muscle, producing nodules. | Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN) |
| Ovarian : MCC of ovarian mass in pregnancy | Corpus luteum cyst |
| Ovarian tumors : Mucus-secreting cells + Multinucleated tumor + Pseudomyxoma peritonei | Mucinous cyst-adenoma/adenocarcinoma |
| Ovarian tumors : Contain transitional-like epithelium (Walthard's rest) | Brenner's tumors |
| Ovarian tumors : Has functioning thyroid tissue | Struma ovarii types of Cystic teratoma |
| Ovarian tumors : Tumor contain muscle + neuroepithelium | Immature malignant types of Cystic teratoma |
| Ovarian tumors : Associated with streak gonads of Turner's syndrome | Dysgerminoma |
| Ovarian tumors : Associated with ascites and right sided pleural effusion + fluid resolves once tumor is resected | Thecoma-fibroma (Meigs' syndrome = ascites, pleural effusion, benign ovarian tumor) |
| Ovarian tumors : Call-Exner bodies | Granulosa-thecal cell tumor |
| Ovarian tumors : Reinke crystals | Pure Leydig cell tumor |
| Ovarian tumors : Signet-ring cells | Krukenberg tumor (which came hematogenously from gastric cancer) |
| Gestational : Implantation over cervical os. What is the disorder's term, and its symptoms? | Placenta previa Sx = painless vaginal bleeding |
| Gestational : What is the term for premature seperation of placenta due to formation of retroplacental clot? | Abruptio placentae Sx = painful vaginal bleeding |
| Gestational : What is the term for direct implantation into muscle without decidua? | Placenta accreta |
| Gestational : What is the term for accessory lobes of placenta located along the margin? | Succenturiate lobes |
| Gestational : List the main causes of enlarged placenta. | 1) Diabetes mellitus 2) Rh hemolytic disease of newborn 3) Congenital syphilis |
| Gestational : What are the causes of A) Polyhydramnios? B) Oligohydramnios | A) Tracheoesophageal fistula, Duodenal atresia B) Juvenile polycystic kidney disease |
| Gestational : What are the consequences of A) Increased maternal AFP B) Decreased maternal AFP | A) Open neural tube defect B) Down syndrome |
| Breast : List the causes of galactorrhea. | 1) Mechanical stiumation of nipple 2) Prolactinoma 3) Primary hypothyroidism 4) Drugs (ie: OCP) |
| Breast : List the causes of bloody nipple discharge. | 1) Intraductal papilloma 2) Ductal cancer |
| Breast : List the cause of purulent nipple discharge. | Acute mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus |
| Breast : List the cause of greenish brown nipple discharge. | Mammary duct ectasia (plasma cell mastitis) |
| Breast : Blue domed cyst | Fibrocystic change |
| Breast : Microscopic show lipid-laden macrophages with foreign body giant cells, fibrosis, and dystrophic calcification | Traumatic fat necrosis |
| Breast : Discrete movable breast tumor | Fibroadenoma |
| Breast : Bulky tumor derived from stromal cells which often reach massive size | Phyllodes tumor |
| Breast cancer : Cribiform or comedo pattern | Ductal carcinoma in situ |
| Breast cancer : Stellate shaped | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
| Breast cancer : Rash around nipple | Paget's disease |
| Breast cancer : Bulky, soft tumor with large cells and lymphoid infiltrate + associated with BRCA 1 mutations | Medullary carcinoma |
| Breast cancer : Neoplastic cells arranged in linear fashion or form concentric circles (bull's eye) | Invasive lobular carcinoma |
| Breast cancer : Neoplastic cells surrounded by extracellular mucin | Colloid (mucinous) carcinoma |
| List the pathologic causes of gynecomastia in men. | 1) Cirrhosis 2) Klinefelter's syndrome 3) Drugs (ie : spironolactone) |
Created by:
lemontea88
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