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DU PA Norm Preg
Duke PA Normal Pregnancy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a normal pregnancy the hCG doubles every __ | 48 hours |
| Beta-hCG is first detectable in maternal blood __ after conception | 6-8 days |
| False positive pregnancy tests occur at hCG levels of __mIU/ml | 5-25 |
| If the fetus is lost before 22 weeks it is classified as a __ | Miscarriage |
| If the fetus is lost after 22 weeks of gestation it is classified as a __ | Stillbirth |
| What is considered the gestational age of viability | 22 weeks |
| During pregnancy hemodilution is normal and produces __ | Physiologic Anemia |
| During pregnancy body water increases by __ | 6.5-8.5L (most significant adaptation in PG) |
| How is the heart affected during pregnancy | Displaced to the left and upward, increase in left ventricular end diastolic dimension, output is increased by 30-50% |
| What are some normal changes in pregnancy that may mimic heart disease | Dyspnea (most common complaint before 20 wks), decreased exercise tolerance/ fatigue/ occasional orthopnea/ chest discomfort, Edema |
| What happens to nasal mucosa during pregnancy | It becomes more edematous and erythematous, hypersecretion of mucus |
| What happens to lung volume during pregnancy | Decreases by 5%, max volume that can be inhaled increased by 5-10% |
| What happens to pulmonary function during pregnancy | Hyperventilation |
| Pregnancy causes a state of chronic respiratory __ | Alkalosis |
| The kidneys excrete more __ during pregnancy | Bicarb |
| What changes with WBC’s during pregnancy | Increased by 5,600-12,000 |
| Renal plasma flow __ in pregnancy | Increases |
| Because of dilation of the renal pelvis there is an increased incidence of __ in pregnancy | Pyelonephritis |
| What happens to appetite during pregnancy | Increased by about 200 Kcal/day |
| What happens to the stomach during pregnancy | Tone and motility decreases, increased GERD |
| Morning sickness complicates __% of pregnancies | 70 |
| What is the time frame of morning sickness (onset/improvement) | Onset in 4-8 weeks, improvement by 14-16 weeks |
| What is the treatment of morning sickness | Largely supportive (reassurance, avoid triggers, frequent small meals, acupressure/ginger/V B6 |
| What are the skin changes in pregnancy | Hyperpigmentation, linea alba becomes linea nigra, pigmented nevi/freckles/recent scars |
| What are the hair changes in pregnancy | Mild degree of hirsutism |
| Striae (stretch marks) affect up to __% of pregnant women | 90% |
| In the fetus what is the vasculature that bypasses the liver | Ductus venosus |
| What is the bypass that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium | Foramen ovale |
| What is the bridge that allows blood to pass from pulmonary veins to the aorta | Ductus arteriosus |
| When does the foramen ovale change to the fossa ovalis | When the baby takes its first breath, the pressure from the lungs closes the valve |
| What happens to the ductus venosus and the ductus arteriosus after a child is born | They become ligaments (ligamentum venosum, ligamentum arteriosum) |
| The hypervolemia of pregnancy compensates for maternal blood loss at delivery, which averages __ml for vaginal and __ml for c-section | 500-600, 1000 |
| With uterine enlargement and diaphragmatic elevation, the heart rotates on its long axis in left upward displacement. As a result the apical beat shifts __ | Laterally |
| if hCG results uncertain, repeat test in: | 2 days |
| very high hCG levels seen in: | molar PG (gestational trophoblastic disease) |
| Not normal symptoms (re: heart) | syncope, chest pain with exertion, progressive orthopnea, and hemoptysis |
Created by:
bwyche
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