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Common Cold PCI
Common cold lecture for PCI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common complication of the common cold in children? | Otitis media |
| Five ways of preventing the common cold. | 1. Wash hands frequently; 2. Drink plenty of fluids; 3. Get plenty of rest; 4. Exercise regularly; 5. Quit smoking/smoke free environment |
| Name a nonpharmacologic method of relieving pharyngitis. | Saline gargle ~ 1/2 tsp of salt per 8 oz of water, or hard candies |
| When do you refer a patient w/ pharyngitis to PCP? | Sore throat persisting for several days; or associated w/ fever, headache, nausea, or vomiting |
| What are the direct-acting decongestants and their MOA? | Phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline; bind directly to adrenergic receptors |
| What is the MOA for indirect-acting decongestants? | Displace norepinephrine from storage vesicles. |
| Which has the slowest onset, direct-acting, or indirect-acting decongestants? | Indirect-acting |
| Which has the longest duration of action, direct-acting, or indirect-acting decongestants? | Indirect-acting |
| Give an example of a mixed (direct and indirect actions) decongestant. | Pseudoephedrine |
| Generic name and adult dosing of Sudafed. | Pseudophedrine, 60 mg q 4-6 hr |
| Contraindications for Sudafed | hypertension, hyperthyroidism, benign prostatic hyper, coronary heart disease, elevated interocular pressure (narrow angle glaucoma, lactation |
| Generic name and adult dosing of Sudafed PE | Phenylephrine, 10 mg 1 4 hr |
| Generic name and adult dosing of Afrin. | Oxymetazoline, 2-3 sprays each nostril 1 12 hr NMT 3 days |
| Result of using Afrin for more than 3 days | Thinitis medicamentosa (rebound congestion) |
| DI for Sudafed. | MAOIs, TCAs, methyldopa |
| DI for first generation antihistamines | Alcohol or other sedating medications, MAOIs, phenytoin |
| Contraindications for first generation antihistamines | Newborns, narrow-angle glaucoma, BPH |
| Generic name and adult dosing of Mucinex | Guaifenesin ER tablets, 600-1200 mg po BID (Max 2400mg/day) |
| Adult dosing ofdestromethorphan | 30-60 mg q 6-8 hrs |
| DI for dextromethorphan. | MAOIs, CNS depressants, Alzheimer's medications |
| What kind of decongestants may be used for a pregnant woman? | Topical - oxymetazoline is preferred |
| What kind of decongestants should be avoided for a pregnant woman? | Systemic agents |
| What kind of cough suppressants can be used for a pregnant woman? | Guaifenesin, DXM |
| What kind of decongestants can be used with a female who is lactating? | Tophical phenylephrine is preferred |
| Avoid which decongestants for a female who is lactating? | Xylometazoline and napazoline. Systemic agents may decrease milk production |
| What kind of decongestant steps can be taken for children under the age of 2 yo? | Saline nasal drops, bulb suction of nose, humidification of inspired air |
| PCP referral to PCP for cold symptoms? | Fever > 101.5F; Cough phlegm becomes green or foul smelling; Chest pain; Shortness of breath; Significant worsening of symptoms beyond normal duration; Significant underlying comorbidity (CHF/COPD/Severe asthma); Immunosuppressed |
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