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CSCI 120

Computers in Society

Question	Answer
backup	copy of a file or directory on a separate storage device
character	can be a number, letter, punctuation mark, or other symbol
column	term used by users of relational databases for field.
data dictionary	A DBMS element that contains data about each file in a database and each field in those files.
data file	Collection of related records on a storage medium such as a hard disk, CD, or DVD
data model	rules and standards that define how a database organizes data
data type	7
data warehouse	8
database	is a collection of data organized in a matter that allows access, retrieval, and use of data
database administrator	(DBA) creates and maintains the data dictionary, manages security of the database, monitors the performance of the database, and checks backup and recovery procedures
database analyst	person who focuses on the meaning and usage in data i.e,. definining relationships among data and allowing users' access privileges
database approach	12
database management system	13
database software	14
field	a combination of one or more related characters or bytes, a field isthe smallest unit of data a user accesses.
field name	16
field size	defines the max. number of characters a field can contain
file maintenance	18
file processing system	System used to store and manage data in which each department or area within an organization has its own set of files.
form	20
key filed	21
log	any of various chronological records made concerning the use of a computer system, the changes made to data, etc.
multidimensional database	Database that stores data in demininsions
object	database item that contains data, as well as the actions that read or process the data
object-oriented database	Stores data in objects.
primary key	26
query	request for a specific data from the database.
query by example	28
query language	29
record	group of related fields in a database
recovery utility	31
relational database	database consisting of separate tables, having explicitly defined relationships, and whose elements may be selectively combined as the results of queries
relationship	is a connection within the data
report gnerator	DBMS feature that allows users to design a report on the screen,retrieve data into the report design,and then display or print the report.
row	Term used by users of relational databases for record.
SQL	Structured Query Language- Query language used with databases that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data
table	term used by users of relational databases for file
validation	7
anti-spam program	8
Antivirus software	protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files.
audit trail	records in a file both successful and unsuccessful acces attempts to gain entrance into a confidential information on a computer
back door	a program that allows users to bypass certain security controls when accessing a program, computer or network. eg. used by worms to distribute junk
back up	12
backup	13
biometric device	14
botnet	group of compromised computers connected to a network such as the internet that is being used as part of a network that attacks other networks, usually for nefarious purposes.
code of conduct	16
computer addiction	growing health problem that occurs when the computer consumes someones entire social life
computer crime	18
computer ethics	Moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information systems
computer forensics	20
computer security risk	21
computer vision syndrome	temporary condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer display for protracted, uninterrupted periods of time.
content filtering	Process of restricing access to certain material on the web.
cookie	small text file
copyright	Gives authors and artists exclusive rights to duplicate, publish, and sell their materials.
cracker	26
cybercrime	refers to online or Internet-based illegal acts.
cyberextortionist	28
cyberterrorist	29
decrypt	Process of deciphering encrypted data into a readable form.
denial of service attack	31
digital certificate	An electronic document that verifies the owner of a public key, issued by a certificate authority
digital signature	is an encrypted code that a person, web site or company attaches to an electronic messsage to verify the identity of the message sender
DoS attack	assault on a computer or network whose purpose is to disrupt computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail.
e-mail filtering	Service that blocks e-mails messages from designated sources.
employee monitoring	The use of computers to observe, record, and review an employee's use of a computer, including communications such as e-mail messages, keyboard activity (used to measure productivity) and Web sites visited.
encryption	process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access
Fair Credit Reporting Act	7
firewall	8
Green Computing	involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using a computer
hacker	refers to someone who accesses a computer or network illegally
hardware theft	the physical act of stealing computer equipment
hardware vandalism	12
information privacy	13
information theft	14
inoculate	capability of an antivirus program to record information such a file size and file creation date in a seperate file in order to detect viruses.
intellectual property rights	16
license agreement	an agreement issued by a software manufacturer that gives the user the right to use the software
noise	18
online security service	Website that evaluates a computer to check for Internet and e-mail vulnerabilities.
overvoltage	20
password	21
personal firewall	an application which controls network traffic to and from a computer, permitting or denying communications based on a security policy.
personal identification number	Password that can be used with a bankcard at an ATM, which verifies the user is the holder of the bankcard.
pharming	when a perpetrator tries to obtain your personal info via spoofing
phishing	Is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail message that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information.
piracy	26
power surge	occurs when incoming electrical power increases significantly above the normal 120 volts.
product activation	28
quarantine	29
repetitive strain injury	Injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
restore	31
script kiddie	describe those who use scripts or programs developed by others to attack computer systems and networks. It is generally assumed that script kiddies are juveniles who lack the ability to write sophisticated hacking programs or exploits on their own
secure site	a web site that uses encrytion techniques to secure its data
social engineering	gaining unauthorized access or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the trusting human nature of some victims and the naivety of others.
software theft	Computer security risk that occurs when someone steals software media, intentionally erases programs or illegally copies a program.
spam	Unsolicited e-mail messages or newsgroups posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once.
spoofing	technique intruders use to make their network or internet transmission appear legitmate to a victim computer or network
surge protector	7
Trojan horse	8
trusted source	companyor a person a user believes will not send a virus infected file knowingly
unauthorized access	the use of a computer or network without permission.
unauthorized use	see above
undervoltage	12
uninterruptible power supply	13
user name	14
virus	potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without a user's knowledge or permission.
virus definition	16
virus hoax	email message that warns users of a nonexistent virus, worm or trojan horse.
virus signature	18
web filtering software	Program that restricts access to certain material on the Web
worm	20
zombie	21

Created by: globalscience

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