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Ch 8 Chemistry
Oxidation numbers, Chemical Equations, and Nomenclature
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Binary Covalent Compound | Two non-metals forming a compound, use the Greek prefixes to name these compounds |
| Binary Ionic Compound | Two elements a one metal one non-metal forming a compound. Do NOT use Greek prefixes. Simply say the name of the metal then the non-metal ending with -ide. |
| Binary Acid | The first element of this two element compound is hydrogen. Name it by saying "hydro" followed by the second element ending with -ic acid. example hydrochloric acid |
| Ternary Acid | A compound that contains Hydrogen, oxygen and another non-metal. Name it by saying the polyatomic ion name ending with ic if the ion ended with -ate, or -ous if the ion ended with -ite, followed by acid. |
| Polyatomic Ions | covalently bonded groups of atoms that carry charges. These act as if they were an element generally staying together through reactions |
| Oxyanions | Polyatomic anion - composed of Oxygen and one other element. them using Per---ate for highest # of oxygen, ----ate for the base number of oxygen, ---ite for one less than the base, and hypo----ite for the fewest number of Oxygen atoms |
| Hydrate | a compound that contains water molecules in its crystalline structure |
| The symbol ↓ is used to | indicates precipitate |
| The symbol ⇄ indicates | a reversible reaction |
| The symbol ➝ means | "yields" or "produces" |
| An arrow with Δ above it means | indicates that heat must be supplied before a reaction w ill occur. |
| The symbol (s) | indicates a solid reactant |
| the symbol (l) | indicates a liquid reactant or product |
| the symbol (aqu) | indicates the substance is dissolved in water |
| the symbol(g) | indicates gaseous product |
| Oxidation Number Rule 1 | Free atoms =0 |
| Oxidation Number Rule 2 | Oxidation number of Ions = their charge |
| Oxidation Number Rule 3 | The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound = 0 |
| Oxidation Number Rule 4 | a. Group 1=+1 b. Group 2=+2 c. H=+1 or -1 d. O=-2 or -1 e. Group 17 -1 |
| Oxidation Number Rule 5 | The sum in polyatomic ion = to the charge |
| mono- | 1 |
| di- | 2 |
| tri- | 3 |
| tetra- | 4 |
| penta- | 5 |
| hexa- | 6 |
| hepta- | 7 |
| octa- | 8 |
| nona- | 9 |
| deca- | 10 |
| A + B --> AB | Synthesis reaction |
| AB --> A + B | decomposition reaction |
| AB +C --> A +BC | single replacement reaction |
| AX + BY -----> AY + BX | double replacement reacion |
Created by:
IcanDance
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