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Test Review for Phys
Test review for physics 1200 final exam
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Name the characteristics of the Strong Nuclear Force. | 1. Very attractive 2. Very strong 3. Small distances 4. Does not depend on charge (neutrons) |
What is radioactivity? | Atoms falling apart. It happens spontaneously because energy is available and given off. |
What is radiation? | Energy in the form of waves or particles. |
What are the types of radiation? | Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Neutron emission. (also x-ray) |
Alpha | Alpha decay: An atom looses 2 neutrons and 2 protons (alpha particles) then an element with 2 less protons and 2 less neutrons is left. The danger is 0 unless it gets into your body (eat or drink hazard is 10). Your skin protects you from it. |
Beta | too many neutrons. Range: fairly short. shielding: clothes. hazard is 1 |
Gamma | too much energy in the nucleus. Danger is 2. Range: very long. Shielding: lead. |
Neutron | Neutron emission: range: extremely long. shielding: water. Hazard: you are water so it absorbs into your body making your atoms radioactive. |
what is radiation sickness? | -loss of red blood cells (makes you tired) -loss of white blood cells (easier infection) -loss of platelets (inability of blood to clot) -intestinal disorders (nausea, vomiting, etc) |
Possible results of cell damage: | 1. The cell gets better 2. The cell dies 3. The cell divides and the daughters die 4. The cell divides and the daughters live with the incorrect genetic coding. This is commonly called a mutation or in some cases cancer. |
What characteristics of cells might make them more susceptible to cell damage? | 1. Chemically active cells 2. Rapidly dividing cells (the nuclear membrane frequently opens up during division) Examples of these: blood, intestines, bone marrow, reproductive cells, and etc. Not good examples: muscles and brain cells |
Nuclear fission | When a neutron is added to uranium causing instability. results in breaking up of uranium into two different elements and the emission of 2 or 3 neutrons. These 2 elements must have a total of 92 protons that came from the uranium. Gamma rays may result |