Half of all the magnesium in the body is stored where
in the bones
What is the second most abundent intracellular cation
magnesium
What is the most abundant intracellular cation
potassium
If a disease comes from an unknown origin it is known as
idiopathic
In 1966 the national academy of science and the national research council released what
a white paper entitled accidental death and dissability
Who was the father of paramedicine
Dr. Nagel
When was the first national standard curriculum for paramedics developed, and by who
1977 by the US DOT
when did the first ambulance come about
1790
In ems our scope of practice is developed based on what
research
What kind of stress motivates an individual to achieve
eustress (positive stress)
What is is called when someone attributes their own feelings, motives, desires, or behavior to others
projection
If an electrolyte has an overall positive charge it is said to be a
cation
If an electrolyte has an overall negative charge it is said to be a
anion
what cation is most common in the body
sodium
what cation regulates water throughout the body
sodium
Name the major differences between a scheduale I and a scheduale II narcotic
a scheduale I has a higher abuse potential and has no acceptable medical use
Ems drug delivery is done through what nervouse system
autonomic
What nervous system is particularly vulnerable to the administration of prehospital drugs
ANS
What are the six rights of medication administration
the right dose,patient,medication, route, time, documentation and reporting
Alpha 1 receptor stimulation produces what effects
peripheral vasoconstriction, mild bronchoconstriction, and speed metabolism
Alpha 2 receptor stimulation produces what effects
control release of norepinephrine
Beta 1 receptor stimulation produces what effects
increased HR, increased force of contraction, and increased conduction velocity
Beta 2 receptor stimulation produces what effects
Vasodilation and bronchodilation
A positive Inotropic effect results in
increased FOC
A positive Dronotropic effect results in
Increased conduction velocity
A positive Chronotropic effect results in
Increased HR
patients 41-60 are succeptible to what
acute immunosuppression
In a baby that is teething what are a couple things you could expect.
Fever, crying, irratability.
When a baby receives immunities from it's mother this is known as what
Passive immunity
By the age of 3-4 years most babies can what
use and understand full sentences
Following an optimal inspiration, the amount of air that can be forced from the lungs in a single exhalation is called the
functional reserve capacity
the upper airway consists of all the anatomic airway structures above the level of the ____________
vocal cords
A decreased level of Pao2 causes you to take a breath. this is called your what
hypoxic drive
a deficiency of red blood cells that result in a chronically decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygern, is called
Anemia
What is the formula to figure minute alveolar volume
tidal volume minus dead space volume (150 on average) x the respiratory rate.
Laryngospasm is defined as
a spasmodic closure of the vocal cords
what chemical decreases surface tension on the alveolar walls and keeps them expanded
surfactant
when blood bypasses the alveoli and returns unoxygenated to the left side of the heart, we call this
intrapulmonary shunting
what is the name of the protective mechanism that terminates inhalation, thus preventing overexpansion of the lungs. This mechanism causes you to cough
Hering-breuer reflex
A decreased loc can indicates
lower blood flow to the brain
eye-to-eye contact indicates what
honesty and concern
A patient experiancing orthopnea is experiancing what
difficulty breathing while laying down
JVD is an indication of what
right sided heart failure
S1 represents the closure of what
the mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of systole
What is the lowest portion of the pharynx
laryngopharynx
what opens into the larynex anteriorly and the esophagus posteriorly
laryngopharynx
what cavities are formed from cranial bones
sinuses
what do you call tha anatomic space or pocket located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis
vallecula
How many cervical bones are there
7
How many thoracic bones are there
12
How many lumbar bones are there
5
How many sacrum bones are there
5
How many cocyx bones are there
4
the percentage of oxygen in inhaled air is known as
fraction of inspired oxygen
what is positive pressure ventilation
forcing air into the lungs
what is the partial pressure of oxygen
the amount of dissolved oxygen floating in the plasma not bound to hemaglobin
What is the function of the lower airway
to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Being empathetic means
to feel what the patient is feeling
what is a protocol
a treatment plan for a specific illnes or injury
what is the result of most ems lawsuits
ambulance collisions
When you make a false statement in writting that harms a persons good name is called
libel
what is the order of response to illness or injury
fear, anxiety, depression, anger, and confusion
an organ is composed of what
various different types of tissue
a molecule that binds to any receptor, anywhere, leading to any reaction is what
a ligand
an endogenous ligand means what
a molecule produced by the body
exogenous ligand is what
a molecule that is given as a drug
a discipline within ethics that discusses and debates the health care of human beings.
bioethics
patient autonomy means
a patient has the right to direct their care and to decide how they want their end of life medical care provided to them.
a written order regaurding when resuscitation is to be started and when not to is called a
dnr
leading cause of unintentional deaths is
MVA
the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a single respiratory cycle
tidal volume
a decrease in arteriol oxygen levels
hypoxemia
What is intermittent claudication
a cramp like pain in the lower extremities
what type of lung sound might you expect in a patient with pneumonia
congested
If a patient has a clenched jaw then what nerve is still intact
trigeminal nerve
what are primitive reflexes
reflexes that originate in the central nervous system that are exhibited by normal infants. i.e. moro reflex, rooting reflex, palmar grasp, sucking reflex
To properly fit a bp cuff it should take up how much of the upper arm
one half to two thirds
injected conjunctiva are what color
red
pain affecting our soft organs and body tissues is known as what type of pain
visceral pain
the measurment of the force exerted against the walls of the blood vessels is known as the
Beef Production
