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Remote Sensing exam2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
a. Landsat MSS | 4 bands (MS), 79x79 spatial res, 18 days, 6 bits |
b. Landsat TM | 7 bands (6 MS and 1 TIR), 30/120 (TIR) spatial res, 16 days, 8 bits |
c. Landsat ETM+: | 8 bands (1 pan, 6 MS, 1 TIR), 15 (pan)/30/60 (TIR) spatial res, 16 days, 8 bits |
d. Landsat (LDCM) | 11 bands (1 pan, 8 MS, 2 TIR), 15 (pan)/30/100 (TIR), 16 days, 16 bits (originally 12) |
Satellites with off-nadir revisit capability | SPOT |
First experimental satellite in the world designed to collect earth resources data | a. Landsat-1 in 1972 |
The ways in collecting Landsat and SPOT data | Discrete detector, linear arrays, linear and area arrays, area arrays a. Discrete- collects pixel by pixel b. Linear- collects line by line c. Area- collects by area |
Landsat 8 revisit time, and way to collect image | a. Revisit time: 16 days b. TIRS bands 10-11: collected at 100 meters but resampled |
Earth orbit for GPS satellites | a. Medium earth orbit (MEO), 2,000-36,000km |
Path and row number of Landsat scene in Muncie, IN | a. Path/row=21/32 |
SWIR in SPOT and MIR in Landsat | a. MIR 2 or 3 micrometers b. SWIR about 2 or 3 micrometers |
Application of Landsat blue band, | designed for water body penetration, making it useful for coastal water mapping; also useful for soil/vegetation discrimination, forest type mapping, and cultural feature identification |
Application of Landsat TM NIR | b. NIR- useful for determining vegetation types, vigor, and biomass content, for delineating water bodies, and for soil moisture discrimination |
Application of Landsat TM TIR | c. TIR- useful in vegetation stress analysis, soil moisture discrimination, and thermal mapping applications |
Properties of AVIRIS | a. Unique optical sensor that delivers calibrated images of the upwelling spectral radiance in 224 contiguous spectral channels (bands) with wavelengths from 400 to 2500 nm; platforms: NASA ER-2 jet and twin otter turboprop |
Properties of AVIRIS resolution and band | i. 1band spanning (0.4-2.5 um) at 224 Resolution |
Properties of AVIRIS Applications | oceanography, environmental science, snow hydrology, geology, agriculture, limnology, volcanology, soil and land management, atmospheric and aerosol studies |
Satellite sensor to collect 224 spectral bands | a. EO-1 |
Satellite with the same orbit but one minute later than Landsat 7 | a. EO-1 |
Ground coverage of Landsat TM and SPOT HRV | a. Landsat TM: 185x185km swath width b. SPOT HRV: 60x60 km swath width |
Relationship between radiometric resolution and range of brightness values | a. 2^8-1 |
Emissivities of some common land features (water, forest, grass, metal etc.) | a. Water- close to 1 b. Forest- over 0.9 c. Grass- less than 0.1 d. Metal- |
Meaning of 0 K in absolute temperature | a. The lowest a temperature can go, no molecule movement, does not emit electromagnetic energy |
Spectral regions of the two atmospheric windows used in TIR remote sensing | a. 3-5 micrometers and 8-14 micrometers |
Interpretation of a residential thermal infrared imagery (Lab5) | a. This is where you compare like dark vs light surfaces like roads and grasses. Radiation budget equation on the terrain |
Radiation budget equation on the terrain | Radiation budget equation on the terrain |
The reasons of water has brighter tone than vegetation in nighttime TIR image | a. Water is warmer at night than vegetation because it has a higher specific heat |
First US satellite to collect thermal infrared data | a. US Television IR Operational satellite (TIROS) |
Kirchoff’s radiation law | a. b. 1=r+ |
Spectral regions of visible, NIR, MIR, TIR, and Microwave | a. Visible: 0.4-0.7 micrometers b. NIR: 0.7-1.3 micrometers c. MIR: 1.3-3 micrometers d. TIR: 3-14 micrometers e. Microwave: 1-100 cm |
Calculation of radiant temperature or kinetic temperature (HW) (formula given) | a. Convert temp to kelvin then back to Celsius i. 0.981/4 * 28= 27.858 degrees Celsius then back to Kelvin |
Difference between passive and active remote sensing and examples | a. Passive: record solar EMR (from the sun) i. Reflected or emitted from the surface of the earth |
Difference between passive and active remote sensing and examples | b. Active: record man-made EMR (from the sensor) i. Transmitted from the sensor toward the terrain ii. Interacts with the terrain producing a backscatter of energy iii. The backscattered energy is recorded by the remote |
Calculation of ground resolution of a single across-track scanner (see HW, lab 5) | a. 1.0Milliradaian/1000 *250 |