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PS: Ch 6-7
Ch. 6-7
Question or Term | Answer or Definition |
---|---|
substance composed of one type of atom | element |
idea that you cannot measure velocity and position simultaneously of an electron | Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
bonding where ALL electrons are shared among ALL atoms | metallic |
idea where the outermost shell wants to obtain eight electrons | octet rule |
electrons shared by more than 2 atoms | delocalized |
the name of the rows on the periodic table | period |
theoretical pieces that may make up protons and neutrons | quarks |
process of combining 2 nuclei | fusion |
part of a solution that is dissolved | solute |
the time required for one half of radioactive substance to decay into the daughter substance | half-life |
Where in an atom are the protons and neutrons found | nucleus |
protons have a __?__ charge | positive |
neutrons have a __?__ charge | No |
electrons have a __?__ charge | negative |
substance that comes out of a solution | precipitate |
mixture containing tiny clumps/particles | colloid |
what will increase the rate a substance is dissolved | grinding, temperature increase, and stirring |
molecules with the same types and number of atoms but in different arrangements | isomers |
type of radioactive decay where an electron is lost | beta |
atoms that have same element but different mass numbers or neutrons | isotopes |
idea where no 2 electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers | Pauli exclusion principle |
type of chemical formula where the general arrangement of atoms in a molecule is shown | structural |
3 physical properties elements are divided into | metals, semimetals, and nonmetals |
atom that has a positive charge because of losing an electron | cation |
atom that has a negative charge because of gaining an electron | anion |
only metal that is a liquid at room temperature | mercury |
bonding that transfers electrons | ionic |
idea that electrons do not absorb or release in a smooth flow but rather in sudden packets | quantum theory |
when three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms | triple covalent bond |
when an atom is covalently bonded to an atom with different electronegativity | polar bond |
simplest ratio of atoms in a nonmolecular compound | formula unit |
most of the mass of the human body is made up of what element | oxygen |
describes how the strength of atoms of an element pull on electrons in a chemical bond | electronegativity |
when that atomic nucleus breaks up or changes by emitting radiation | radioactive decay |
outermost shell contains what type of electrons | valence electrons |
idea that elements show regular repeating properties when arranged by increasing atomic numbers | periodic law |
if a substance has a strong intermolecular force has a __?__ boiling point than a substance with weak intermolecular force | higher |
Ag | Silver |
Au | Gold |
K | Potassium |
Na | Sodium |
O | Oxygen |
C | Carbon |
B | Boron |
N | Nitrogen |
Pb | Lead |
S | Sulfur |
H | Hydrogen |
Mn | Manganese |
U | Uranium |
F | Fluorine |
minimum amount of fissionable material needed to cause a chain reaction | critical mass |
diagram that shows the location of valence electrons in all atoms | lewis structure |
sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule | molecular mass |
when molecules of a mixture are completely mixed together | homogeneous mixture |
when molecules of a mixture are NOT completely mixed together | heterogeneous mixture |
intermolecular force present in all polar molecules | dipole-dipole |
intermolecular force is the attraction between oppositely charged ends of polar molecules | dipole-dipole |
intermolecular force that occurs between all molecules | London forces |
intermolecular force that has a temporary concentration of electrons resulting in a temporary dipole | London forces |
strongest intermolecular force present | hydrogen bonding |
Intermolecular force where hydrogen is present and bonded to a more electronegative atom | hydrogen bonding |