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STEELE
STEELE--THERMAL ENERGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| MATTER | THE SUBSTANCE OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES THAT COMPOSE ALL PHYSICAL OBJECTS |
| ATOM | THE SMALLEST PARTICLE OF MATTER THAT CONSISTS OF A DENSE NUCLEUS FULL OF PROTONS (POSITIVE) AND NEUTRONS (NEUTRAL) SURROUNDED BY ELECTRONS (NEGATIVE) |
| ATOMIC MOTION | WHEN ATOMS ARE MOVING |
| MOLECULE | A GROUP OF ATOMS HELD TIGHTLY TOGETHER BY COVALENT BONDS (ATTRACTION DUE TO SHARED ELECTRONS |
| MOLECULAR MOTION | WHEN MOLECULES ARE MOVING |
| THERMAL ENERGY | TOTAL ENERGY INCLUDING KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP A MATERIAL;IS TRANSFERRED BY CONDUCTION, CONVECTION AND RADIATION |
| HEAT | THE TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY THAT FLOWS FRO A WARMER MATERIAL TO A COOLER MATERIAL (MEASURED IN JOULES) |
| SPECIFIED HEAT | THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY NEEDED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1KG OF A MATERIAL 1K |
| SOLID | A PHASE OF MATTER THAT HAS DEFINITE VOLUME AND SHAPE |
| LIQUID | A PHASE OF MATTER THAT HAS DEFINITE VOLUME BUT NO SHAPE; A LIQUID TAKES ON THE SHAPE OF ITS CONTAINER |
| GAS | A PHASE OF MATTER WHERE MOLECULES FILL WHATEVER SPACE IS AVAILABLE TO THEM; NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME |
| PHASE CHANGE | A CHANGE IN THE PHYSICAL STATE OF A SUBSTANCE FROM SOLID TO LIQUID, LIQUID TO GAS, OR SOLID TO GAS |
| KINETIC ENERGY | ENERGY IN THE FORM OF MOTION; DEPENDS ON THE MASS AND VELOCITY OF THE OBJECT |
| POTENTIAL ENERGY | STORED ENERGY DUE TO POSITION; CAN BE CONVERTED TO KINETIC ENERGY WHEN SOMETHING ACTS TO RELEASE IT |
| TEMPERATURE | A MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF ALL THE PARTICLES IN AN OBJECT |
| CELSIUS | A TEMPERATURE SCALE AT WHICH 0 REPRESENTS THE FREEZING POINT OF WATER AND 100 REPRESENTS THE BOILING POINT OF WATER |
| FAHRENHEIT | TEMPERATURE SCALE AT WHICH 32 REPRESENTS FREEZING POINT AND 212 REPRESENTS THE BOILING POING OF WATER. |
| JOULE | SI UNIT OF ENERGY AND WORK |
| CALORIE (TEMP) | THE ENGLISH UNIT OF THERMAL ENERGY OF HEAT. 1 CAL=4.184J |
| ABSOLUTE ZERO | THE LOWEST POSSIBLE TEMPERATURE--WHICH ALL PARTICLES HAVE THEIR MINIMUM KINETIC ENERGY |
| THERMAL EXPANSION | AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF A SUBSTANCE THAT RESULTS FROM THE SEPARATION OF ITS MOLECULES WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS INCREASED |
| TRANSFERRING HEAT | THE PASSING OF HEAT FROM HOT TO COLD OR COLD TO HOT |
| 1ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | GAIN OR LOSS OF THERMAL ENERGY = AMOUNT OF HEAT TRANSFERRED |
| 2ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | HEAT NEVER SPONTANEOUSLY FLOWS FROM A COLD SUBSTANCE TO A HOT SUBSTANCE |
| 3RD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | NO SYSTEM CAN REACH ABSOLUTE ZERO |
| CONDUCTION | TRANSFER OF ENERGY THROUGH MATTER (SOLID) BY COLLIDING PARTICLES (E.G. STOVE TOP TO POT) |
| CONVECTION | TRANSFER OF ENERGY BY MOTION OF HEATED PARTICLES IN A LIQUID OR A GAS (E.G. CONVECTION OVEN) |
| RADIATION | TRANSFER OF ENERGY IN THE FORM OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (E.G. MICROWAVE) |
| EVAPORATION | CHANGE OF PHASE FROM LIQUID TO GAS (E.G. BOILING WATER TO STEAM) |
| CONDENSATION | CHANGE OF PHASE FROM GAS TO LIQUID (E.G. STEAM ON A MIRROR) |
| SUBLIMATION | CHANGE OF PHASE FROM SOLID TO GAS--SKIPPING THE LIQUID PHASE (E.G. DRY ICE) |
| DEPOSITION | PROCESS WHICH GAS TRANSFORMS TO A SOLID (E.G. FROST) |
| MELTING | CHANGE OF PHASE FROM SOLID TO LIQUID (E.G. ICE TO WATER) |
| FREEZING | CHANGE OF PHASE FROM LIQUID TO SOLID (E.G. WATER TO ICE) |
| BOILING | RAPID EVAPORATION THAT TAKES PLACE WITHIN A LIQUID AS WELL AS ITS SURFACE (E.G. BOILING WATER) |
| CALORIMETER | DEVICE USED TO CALCULATE THE AMOUNT OF HEAT ENERGY STORED IN FOOD |
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